Setting the scene
Who wrote it
Traditionally Luke, a doctor and companion of Paul
Who it was for
Theophilus and other followers of Jesus
What was happening
The twelve sent out, five thousand fed, the transfiguration, and Jesus sets his face toward Jerusalem
Read the full background in the book overview

What’s happening

Jesus gives the twelve power and authority over all demons and to cure diseases, and sends them to proclaim the Kingdom of God and heal. "Take nothing for your journey, neither staff, nor wallet, nor bread, nor money; neither have two coats apiece." Herod the tetrarch hears of all this and is perplexed: John was beheaded, so "who is this about whom I hear such things?" He tries to see him. When the apostles return and tell what they have done, Jesus takes them privately to a town called Bethsaida, but the crowds follow. He welcomes them, speaks of the Kingdom of God, and heals. As evening comes, the twelve ask him to send the crowd away to find food, and he says, "You give them something to eat." With five loaves and two fish he has them sit in groups of about fifty, blesses and breaks the food, and gives it to the disciples to set before the people; all eat, and twelve baskets of broken pieces remain. After Jesus has been praying alone, he asks, "Who do the multitudes say that I am?" John the Baptist, Elijah, one of the prophets. "But who do you say that I am?" Peter says, "The Christ of God." Jesus warns them to tell no one, and says the Son of Man must suffer many things, be rejected by the elders, chief priests, and scribes, be killed, and be raised on the third day. "If anyone desires to come after me, let him deny himself, take up his cross daily, and follow me." About eight days later he takes Peter, John, and James up on the mountain to pray, and as he prays his face changes and his clothing becomes dazzling white. Moses and Elijah appear in glory and speak of his departure, which he is about to accomplish at Jerusalem. The three are heavy with sleep, but staying awake they see his glory. As the two leave, Peter says, "Master, it is good for us to be here; let's make three tents," not knowing what he says. A cloud overshadows them, and a voice says, "This is my Son, my chosen. Listen to him." Jesus is found alone, and they keep silent. Next day a man from the crowd begs Jesus to look at his only child, a boy seized by a spirit that convulses and shatters him. The disciples couldn't drive it out. Jesus says, "Faithless and perverse generation, how long will I be with you?" and heals the boy, giving him to his father. While everyone marvels, he says again that the Son of Man will be delivered into men's hands, but they don't understand it, and are afraid to ask. They argue about who is greatest, and he sets a child by him: "Whoever receives this little child in my name receives me ... for whoever is least among you all, the same is great." John says they stopped someone casting out demons in his name, and Jesus says, "Don't forbid him, for he who is not against you is for you." As the days are fulfilled for him to be received up, he "sets his face" to go to Jerusalem and sends messengers ahead, who enter a Samaritan village; they do not receive him because his face is set toward Jerusalem. James and John ask, "Lord, do you want us to command fire to come down from the sky, and destroy them?" He rebukes them and they go to another village. On the road someone says, "I will follow you wherever you go." Jesus says, "The foxes have holes, and the birds of the sky have nests, but the Son of Man has nowhere to lay his head." To another he says, "Follow me," and the man asks first to bury his father: "Leave the dead to bury their own dead, but you go and announce the Kingdom of God." A third wants to say goodbye at home: "No one, having put his hand to the plow and looking back, is fit for the Kingdom of God."

Why the setting matters

Luke 9 is the hinge of the book. Peter's confession and the first prediction of suffering begin the turn toward Jerusalem, and "he set his face" (9:51) starts the long travel narrative that runs to 19:44. Luke's phrase "his departure" in 9:31 is the Greek word exodos, so the conversation with Moses and Elijah is about a new exodus accomplished at Jerusalem. "Received up" in 9:51 covers death, resurrection, and ascension together. Luke's Herod, the tetrarch Antipas, is perplexed rather than fearful as in Mark. The feeding takes place near Bethsaida, in a deserted place; groups of fifty recall Israel's camp organization in the wilderness. Samaritans and Jews were divided over where to worship (Gerizim or Jerusalem), and pilgrims heading for Jerusalem were often unwelcome in Samaria; James and John's request recalls Elijah calling fire down (2 Kings 1:10-12). "Burying my father" most likely refers to a continuing duty to the family; the claim that the father had already died is debated, but the point is the claim of the kingdom. Elisha was called while plowing and allowed to say goodbye (1 Kings 19:19-21), and Jesus asks for more. Foxes and birds have homes, a way of saying he has none.

Read Luke 9 (World English Bible)

Who’s in this chapter

Jesus

Feeds the crowd, is transfigured, and sets his face toward Jerusalem.

The twelve

Sent out, then argue about who is greatest.

Herod Antipas

Perplexed, and wanting to see Jesus.

Simon Peter

Confesses him as the Christ of God.

John

Reports the stranger casting out demons, and asks about fire on Samaria.

James

Asks about fire on Samaria.

Moses

Appears with Elijah.

Elijah

Appears with Moses.

The crowds

Fed near Bethsaida.

The Samaritans

A village that doesn't receive him.

Talk it through

  1. Peter says "The Christ of God" and Jesus immediately talks about suffering. What is the connection?
  2. On the mountain, Moses and Elijah speak of Jesus' "departure." What does the word exodus add?
  3. Luke says Jesus "set his face" toward Jerusalem. What does that say about how he goes?
  4. Three people offer to follow, and Jesus answers each with a hard word. What is he testing?

Read Luke 9

World English Bible

1He called the twelve together, and gave them power and authority over all demons, and to cure diseases. 2He sent them out to preach God’s Kingdom and to heal the sick. 3He said to them, “Take nothing for your journey—no staffs, nor wallet, nor bread, nor money. Don’t have two coats each. 4Into whatever house you enter, stay there, and depart from there. 5As many as don’t receive you, when you depart from that city, shake off even the dust from your feet for a testimony against them.”

6They departed and went throughout the villages, preaching the Good News and healing everywhere. 7Now Herod the tetrarch heard of all that was done by him; and he was very perplexed, because it was said by some that John had risen from the dead, 8and by some that Elijah had appeared, and by others that one of the old prophets had risen again. 9Herod said, “I beheaded John, but who is this about whom I hear such things?” He sought to see him. 10The apostles, when they had returned, told him what things they had done.

He took them and withdrew apart to a desert region of a city called Bethsaida. 11But the multitudes, perceiving it, followed him. He welcomed them, spoke to them of God’s Kingdom, and he cured those who needed healing. 12The day began to wear away; and the twelve came and said to him, “Send the multitude away, that they may go into the surrounding villages and farms, and lodge, and get food, for we are here in a deserted place.”

13But he said to them, “You give them something to eat.”

They said, “We have no more than five loaves and two fish, unless we should go and buy food for all these people.” 14For they were about five thousand men.

He said to his disciples, “Make them sit down in groups of about fifty each.” 15They did so, and made them all sit down. 16He took the five loaves and the two fish, and looking up to the sky, he blessed them, broke them, and gave them to the disciples to set before the multitude. 17They ate and were all filled. They gathered up twelve baskets of broken pieces that were left over.

18As he was praying alone, the disciples were with him, and he asked them, “Who do the multitudes say that I am?”

19They answered, “ ‘John the Baptizer,’ but others say, ‘Elijah,’ and others, that one of the old prophets has risen again.”

20He said to them, “But who do you say that I am?”

Peter answered, “The Christ of God.”

21But he warned them, and commanded them to tell this to no one, 22saying, “The Son of Man must suffer many things, and be rejected by the elders, chief priests, and scribes, and be killed, and the third day be raised up.”

23He said to all, “If anyone desires to come after me, let him deny himself, take up his cross, and follow me. 24For whoever desires to save his life will lose it, but whoever will lose his life for my sake, will save it. 25For what does it profit a man if he gains the whole world, and loses or forfeits his own self? 26For whoever will be ashamed of me and of my words, of him will the Son of Man be ashamed, when he comes in his glory, and the glory of the Father, and of the holy angels. 27But I tell you the truth: There are some of those who stand here who will in no way taste of death until they see God’s Kingdom.”

28About eight days after these sayings, he took with him Peter, John, and James, and went up onto the mountain to pray. 29As he was praying, the appearance of his face was altered, and his clothing became white and dazzling. 30Behold, two men were talking with him, who were Moses and Elijah, 31who appeared in glory, and spoke of his departure, which he was about to accomplish at Jerusalem.

32Now Peter and those who were with him were heavy with sleep, but when they were fully awake, they saw his glory, and the two men who stood with him. 33As they were parting from him, Peter said to Jesus, “Master, it is good for us to be here. Let’s make three tents: one for you, one for Moses, and one for Elijah,” not knowing what he said.

34While he said these things, a cloud came and overshadowed them, and they were afraid as they entered into the cloud. 35A voice came out of the cloud, saying, “This is my beloved Son. Listen to him!” 36When the voice came, Jesus was found alone. They were silent, and told no one in those days any of the things which they had seen.

37On the next day, when they had come down from the mountain, a great multitude met him. 38Behold, a man from the crowd called out, saying, “Teacher, I beg you to look at my son, for he is my only child. 39Behold, a spirit takes him, he suddenly cries out, and it convulses him so that he foams, and it hardly departs from him, bruising him severely. 40I begged your disciples to cast it out, and they couldn’t.”

41Jesus answered, “Faithless and perverse generation, how long shall I be with you and bear with you? Bring your son here.”

42While he was still coming, the demon threw him down and convulsed him violently. But Jesus rebuked the unclean spirit, healed the boy, and gave him back to his father. 43They were all astonished at the majesty of God.

But while all were marveling at all the things which Jesus did, he said to his disciples, 44“Let these words sink into your ears, for the Son of Man will be delivered up into the hands of men.” 45But they didn’t understand this saying. It was concealed from them, that they should not perceive it, and they were afraid to ask him about this saying.

46An argument arose among them about which of them was the greatest. 47Jesus, perceiving the reasoning of their hearts, took a little child, and set him by his side, 48and said to them, “Whoever receives this little child in my name receives me. Whoever receives me receives him who sent me. For whoever is least among you all, this one will be great.”

49John answered, “Master, we saw someone casting out demons in your name, and we forbade him, because he doesn’t follow with us.”

50Jesus said to him, “Don’t forbid him, for he who is not against us is for us.”

51It came to pass, when the days were near that he should be taken up, he intently set his face to go to Jerusalem 52and sent messengers before his face. They went and entered into a village of the Samaritans, so as to prepare for him. 53They didn’t receive him, because he was traveling with his face set toward Jerusalem. 54When his disciples, James and John, saw this, they said, “Lord, do you want us to command fire to come down from the sky, and destroy them, just as Elijah did?”

55But he turned and rebuked them, “You don’t know of what kind of spirit you are. 56For the Son of Man didn’t come to destroy men’s lives, but to save them.”

They went to another village. 57As they went on the way, a certain man said to him, “I want to follow you wherever you go, Lord.”

58Jesus said to him, “The foxes have holes, and the birds of the sky have nests, but the Son of Man has no place to lay his head.”

59He said to another, “Follow me!”

But he said, “Lord, allow me first to go and bury my father.”

60But Jesus said to him, “Leave the dead to bury their own dead, but you go and announce God’s Kingdom.”

61Another also said, “I want to follow you, Lord, but first allow me to say good-bye to those who are at my house.”

62But Jesus said to him, “No one, having put his hand to the plow, and looking back, is fit for God’s Kingdom.”

Text: World English Bible, Public domain. About our sources