Luke 18
- Who wrote it
- Traditionally Luke, a doctor and companion of Paul
- Who it was for
- Theophilus and other followers of Jesus
- What was happening
- A persistent widow, a Pharisee and a tax collector, and a rich ruler
What’s happening
Jesus tells his disciples a parable about their need to pray always and not give up: in a city is a judge who doesn't fear God and doesn't respect man, and a widow who keeps coming to him, saying, "Defend me from my adversary." For a while he refuses, but then says to himself, "Though I neither fear God nor respect man, yet because this widow bothers me, I will defend her, or else she will wear me out by her continual coming." The Lord says, "Listen to what the unrighteous judge says. Won't God avenge his chosen ones, who are crying out to him day and night, and yet he exercises patience with them? I tell you that he will avenge them quickly. Nevertheless, when the Son of Man comes, will he find faith on the earth?" To some who trust in themselves that they are righteous and despise others, he tells of two men who go up to the temple to pray, one a Pharisee and the other a tax collector. The Pharisee stands and prays about himself: "God, I thank you, that I am not like the rest of men, extortioners, unrighteous, adulterers, or even like this tax collector. I fast twice a week. I give tithes of all that I get." The tax collector, standing far away, wouldn't even lift up his eyes to heaven, but beats his breast, saying, "God, be merciful to me, a sinner." "I tell you, this man went down to his house justified rather than the other; for everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, but he who humbles himself will be exalted." People bring even babies to Jesus to touch them, and the disciples rebuke them, but Jesus calls them to him: "Allow the little children to come to me, and don't hinder them, for the Kingdom of God belongs to such as these. Most certainly I tell you, whoever doesn't receive the Kingdom of God like a little child, he will in no way enter into it." A certain ruler asks, "Good Teacher, what shall I do to inherit eternal life?" Jesus asks why he calls him good, since no one is good but one, God, and names the commandments; the ruler says he has kept them all from his youth. "You still lack one thing. Sell all that you have, and distribute it to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven; and come, follow me." He becomes very sad, for he is very rich. Jesus says, "How hard it is for those who have riches to enter into the Kingdom of God! For it is easier for a camel to enter in through a needle's eye, than for a rich man to enter into the Kingdom of God." Those who hear ask, "Then who can be saved?" and he says, "The things which are impossible with men are possible with God." Peter says, "Look, we have left our own things, and followed you," and Jesus promises that no one who has left house, wife, brothers, parents, or children for the Kingdom of God will fail to receive many times more in this time and in the age to come, eternal life. Taking the twelve aside, he says, "Behold, we are going up to Jerusalem, and all the things that are written through the prophets concerning the Son of Man will be completed," that he will be delivered to the Gentiles, mocked, treated shamefully, spit on, flogged, killed, and on the third day rise again. "They understood none of these things. This saying was hidden from them, and they didn't understand the things that were said." As he draws near to Jericho, a blind man sits begging by the road, and hearing the crowd go by asks what it is. "Jesus of Nazareth is passing by." He cries out, "Jesus, you Son of David, have mercy on me!" Those in front tell him to be quiet, but he cries out much more, and Jesus stops and has him brought. "What do you want me to do?" "Lord, that I may see again." "Receive your sight. Your faith has healed you." At once he sees, and follows Jesus, glorifying God, and all the people give praise to God.
Why the setting matters
Luke puts two parables on prayer back to back, one on persistence and one on humility. A widow in the ancient world had no protector and could easily be ignored by a judge; the parable argues from the lesser to the greater: if even an unjust judge gives in, how much more will God act for his people. The question that closes the parable, "will he find faith on the earth?" is open. The Pharisee in the second parable did not fast or tithe wrongly: he fasted twice a week, more than the law required, and tithed on everything, and Jesus does not say that he is lying. His mistake is in comparing himself to others. The tax collector uses a word from the temple's language of atonement, "be merciful," and asks for it as a sinner. The first parable's judge and the second parable's temple scene both involve a question of who is justified before God. Children had little standing, as in chapter 9. The rich ruler is a man of position, who keeps the commandments, and he walks away. The camel and the needle is a deliberate exaggeration. Luke adds that the disciples understood nothing of the third prediction. The blind man near Jericho is the last healing in Luke's journey narrative; in Luke he is beside the road, outside the city, and he calls Jesus "Son of David" for the first time in the Gospel.
Who’s in this chapter
Jesus
Teaches about prayer, humility, and wealth on the way to Jerusalem.
The persistent widow
Keeps coming to the judge.
The unjust judge
Gives in because she wears him out.
The Pharisee in the parable
Thanks God he is not like others.
The tax collector in the parable
Asks God to be merciful to him, a sinner.
The rich ruler
Keeps the commandments, but goes away sad.
Simon Peter
Says they have left everything.
The twelve
Told about what is coming, and do not understand.
The blind man near Jericho
Cries out for mercy and is healed.
The crowds
Tell the blind man to be quiet, then give praise to God.
Talk it through
- The widow keeps coming back, and Jesus says God will act quickly. How do you hold persistence and quickness together?
- The Pharisee says things that may all be true. Where does his prayer go wrong?
- The ruler asked about eternal life and went away sad. What did Jesus see?
- The blind man calls out and will not be quiet. What does Jesus do with that persistence?
Read Luke 18
World English Bible
1He also spoke a parable to them that they must always pray, and not give up, 2saying, “There was a judge in a certain city who didn’t fear God, and didn’t respect man. 3A widow was in that city, and she often came to him, saying, ‘Defend me from my adversary!’ 4He wouldn’t for a while, but afterward he said to himself, ‘Though I neither fear God, nor respect man, 5yet because this widow bothers me, I will defend her, or else she will wear me out by her continual coming.’ ”
6The Lord said, “Listen to what the unrighteous judge says. 7Won’t God avenge his chosen ones who are crying out to him day and night, and yet he exercises patience with them? 8I tell you that he will avenge them quickly. Nevertheless, when the Son of Man comes, will he find faith on the earth?”
9He spoke also this parable to certain people who were convinced of their own righteousness, and who despised all others. 10“Two men went up into the temple to pray; one was a Pharisee, and the other was a tax collector. 11The Pharisee stood and prayed to himself like this: ‘God, I thank you that I am not like the rest of men, extortionists, unrighteous, adulterers, or even like this tax collector. 12I fast twice a week. I give tithes of all that I get.’ 13But the tax collector, standing far away, wouldn’t even lift up his eyes to heaven, but beat his breast, saying, ‘God, be merciful to me, a sinner!’ 14I tell you, this man went down to his house justified rather than the other; for everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, but he who humbles himself will be exalted.”
15They were also bringing their babies to him, that he might touch them. But when the disciples saw it, they rebuked them. 16Jesus summoned them, saying, “Allow the little children to come to me, and don’t hinder them, for God’s Kingdom belongs to such as these. 17Most certainly, I tell you, whoever doesn’t receive God’s Kingdom like a little child, he will in no way enter into it.”
18A certain ruler asked him, saying, “Good Teacher, what shall I do to inherit eternal life?”
19Jesus asked him, “Why do you call me good? No one is good, except one: God. 20You know the commandments: ‘Don’t commit adultery,’ ‘Don’t murder,’ ‘Don’t steal,’ ‘Don’t give false testimony,’ ‘Honor your father and your mother.’ ”
21He said, “I have observed all these things from my youth up.”
22When Jesus heard these things, he said to him, “You still lack one thing. Sell all that you have, and distribute it to the poor. Then you will have treasure in heaven; then come, follow me.”
23But when he heard these things, he became very sad, for he was very rich.
24Jesus, seeing that he became very sad, said, “How hard it is for those who have riches to enter into God’s Kingdom! 25For it is easier for a camel to enter in through a needle’s eye than for a rich man to enter into God’s Kingdom.”
26Those who heard it said, “Then who can be saved?”
27But he said, “The things which are impossible with men are possible with God.”
28Peter said, “Look, we have left everything and followed you.”
29He said to them, “Most certainly I tell you, there is no one who has left house, or wife, or brothers, or parents, or children, for God’s Kingdom’s sake, 30who will not receive many times more in this time, and in the world to come, eternal life.”
31He took the twelve aside, and said to them, “Behold, we are going up to Jerusalem, and all the things that are written through the prophets concerning the Son of Man will be completed. 32For he will be delivered up to the Gentiles, will be mocked, treated shamefully, and spit on. 33They will scourge and kill him. On the third day, he will rise again.”
34They understood none of these things. This saying was hidden from them, and they didn’t understand the things that were said. 35As he came near Jericho, a certain blind man sat by the road, begging. 36Hearing a multitude going by, he asked what this meant. 37They told him that Jesus of Nazareth was passing by. 38He cried out, “Jesus, you son of David, have mercy on me!” 39Those who led the way rebuked him, that he should be quiet; but he cried out all the more, “You son of David, have mercy on me!”
40Standing still, Jesus commanded him to be brought to him. When he had come near, he asked him, 41“What do you want me to do?”
He said, “Lord, that I may see again.”
42Jesus said to him, “Receive your sight. Your faith has healed you.”
43Immediately he received his sight and followed him, glorifying God. All the people, when they saw it, praised God.
Text: World English Bible, Public domain. About our sources