Luke 11
- Who wrote it
- Traditionally Luke, a doctor and companion of Paul
- Who it was for
- Theophilus and other followers of Jesus
- What was happening
- Teaching on prayer, accusations of working with Beelzebul, and a dinner with sharp words
What’s happening
Jesus is praying in a certain place, and when he finishes, a disciple asks, "Lord, teach us to pray, just as John also taught his disciples." He gives them a prayer: "Father, may your name be kept holy. May your Kingdom come. Give us day by day our daily bread. Forgive us our sins, for we ourselves also forgive everyone who is indebted to us. Bring us not into temptation." He tells of a man who goes to a friend at midnight to ask for three loaves because a friend has arrived, and though the friend won't get up out of friendship, he will because of the man's persistence. "Ask, and it will be given you. Seek, and you will find. Knock, and it will be opened to you." What father, asked for a fish, gives a snake? "If you then, being evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more will your heavenly Father give the Holy Spirit to those who ask him?" He casts out a mute demon, and some say, "He casts out demons by Beelzebul, the prince of demons," while others test him by asking for a sign. He answers that a kingdom divided against itself falls, and "if I by the finger of God cast out demons, then the Kingdom of God has come to you." When a strong man guards his house, his goods are safe until a stronger one overcomes him. "He who is not with me is against me." An unclean spirit that leaves a person finds the house swept and returns with seven others worse than itself. When a woman in the crowd says, "Blessed is the womb that bore you," he says, "On the contrary, blessed are those who hear the word of God, and keep it." He says this generation seeks a sign, but only the sign of Jonah will be given, and the queen of the south and the men of Nineveh will rise up in judgment, because "someone greater than Jonah is here." He says the eye is the lamp of the body, so "see whether the light that is in you isn't darkness." While he speaks, a Pharisee invites him to dinner, and is surprised that he doesn't wash first. Jesus says, "Now you Pharisees clean the outside of the cup and of the platter, but your inward part is full of extortion and wickedness ... give for gifts to the needy that which is within, and behold, all things will be clean to you." He pronounces woes on the Pharisees for tithing mint and rue while neglecting justice and the love of God, loving the best seats, and being like unmarked graves, and on the lawyers for loading people with burdens, building the tombs of prophets their fathers killed, and taking away "the key of knowledge." They begin to press him hard and to lie in wait to catch him in something he might say.
Why the setting matters
Luke's Lord's Prayer is shorter than Matthew's, and it follows a disciple's request, which was natural because teachers gave their followers a prayer that marked their group. "Father" is probably Jesus' Aramaic word Abba. "Daily bread" translates a very rare Greek word, epiousios, whose exact meaning (for today, for the coming day, or necessary) is uncertain, and it appears only in the Lord's Prayer. The friend at midnight is about persistence, but the Greek word often translated "persistence" can also mean "shamelessness." Beelzebul was a name for a ruler of demons, from an old Philistine god's name. "The finger of God" echoes the Egyptian magicians' admission in Exodus 8:19, so Jesus casts the exorcisms as a new act of rescue. The sign of Jonah, the queen of the south (Sheba), and the men of Nineveh are Gentiles who respond better than Israel. Washing before a meal was a Pharisaic custom of purity that went beyond the written law. Mint and rue were small garden herbs; tithing them showed scrupulous care. Contact with an unmarked grave made a person unclean, so Jesus is saying the Pharisees spread uncleanness without anyone seeing it. "The key of knowledge" refers to the lawyers' role as interpreters of Scripture. How the blood of Abel to Zechariah fits the Old Testament order (Genesis 4 to 2 Chronicles 24) is straightforward: from the first murder to the last in the Hebrew Bible.
Who’s in this chapter
Jesus
Teaches his disciples to pray, and confronts the Pharisees and lawyers.
The disciples
Ask to be taught to pray.
The crowds
Ask for a sign, and say he casts out demons by Beelzebul.
Pharisees and scribes
A Pharisee host and the lawyers who are given woes.
The lawyers
Experts in the law who load burdens on others.
Talk it through
- Jesus teaches a short prayer: Father, name, kingdom, bread, forgiveness, protection. What does it ask for, and what does it leave out?
- "How much more will your heavenly Father give the Holy Spirit?" Why does Luke end the teaching on prayer with the Spirit?
- Jesus says the Pharisees are careful about herbs and careless about justice. How do we do the same?
- "Someone greater than Jonah is here." How did people take it, and how do we?
Read Luke 11
World English Bible
1When he finished praying in a certain place, one of his disciples said to him, “Lord, teach us to pray, just as John also taught his disciples.”
2He said to them, “When you pray, say,
‘Our Father in heaven, may your name be kept holy. May your Kingdom come. May your will be done on earth, as it is in heaven. 3Give us day by day our daily bread. 4Forgive us our sins, for we ourselves also forgive everyone who is indebted to us. Bring us not into temptation, but deliver us from the evil one.’ ”
5He said to them, “Which of you, if you go to a friend at midnight, and tell him, ‘Friend, lend me three loaves of bread, 6for a friend of mine has come to me from a journey, and I have nothing to set before him,’ 7and he from within will answer and say, ‘Don’t bother me. The door is now shut, and my children are with me in bed. I can’t get up and give it to you’? 8I tell you, although he will not rise and give it to him because he is his friend, yet because of his persistence, he will get up and give him as many as he needs.
9“I tell you, keep asking, and it will be given you. Keep seeking, and you will find. Keep knocking, and it will be opened to you. 10For everyone who asks receives. He who seeks finds. To him who knocks it will be opened.
11“Which of you fathers, if your son asks for bread, will give him a stone? Or if he asks for a fish, he won’t give him a snake instead of a fish, will he? 12Or if he asks for an egg, he won’t give him a scorpion, will he? 13If you then, being evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more will your heavenly Father give the Holy Spirit to those who ask him?”
14He was casting out a demon, and it was mute. When the demon had gone out, the mute man spoke; and the multitudes marveled. 15But some of them said, “He casts out demons by Beelzebul, the prince of the demons.” 16Others, testing him, sought from him a sign from heaven. 17But he, knowing their thoughts, said to them, “Every kingdom divided against itself is brought to desolation. A house divided against itself falls. 18If Satan also is divided against himself, how will his kingdom stand? For you say that I cast out demons by Beelzebul. 19But if I cast out demons by Beelzebul, by whom do your children cast them out? Therefore they will be your judges. 20But if I by God’s finger cast out demons, then God’s Kingdom has come to you.
21“When the strong man, fully armed, guards his own dwelling, his goods are safe. 22But when someone stronger attacks him and overcomes him, he takes from him his whole armor in which he trusted, and divides his plunder.
23“He that is not with me is against me. He who doesn’t gather with me scatters. 24The unclean spirit, when he has gone out of the man, passes through dry places, seeking rest, and finding none, he says, ‘I will turn back to my house from which I came out.’ 25When he returns, he finds it swept and put in order. 26Then he goes, and takes seven other spirits more evil than himself, and they enter in and dwell there. The last state of that man becomes worse than the first.”
27It came to pass, as he said these things, a certain woman out of the multitude lifted up her voice, and said to him, “Blessed is the womb that bore you, and the breasts which nursed you!”
28But he said, “On the contrary, blessed are those who hear the word of God, and keep it.”
29When the multitudes were gathering together to him, he began to say, “This is an evil generation. It seeks after a sign. No sign will be given to it but the sign of Jonah, the prophet. 30For even as Jonah became a sign to the Ninevites, so the Son of Man will also be to this generation. 31The Queen of the South will rise up in the judgment with the men of this generation, and will condemn them: for she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and behold, one greater than Solomon is here. 32The men of Nineveh will stand up in the judgment with this generation, and will condemn it: for they repented at the preaching of Jonah, and behold, one greater than Jonah is here.
33“No one, when he has lit a lamp, puts it in a cellar or under a basket, but on a stand, that those who come in may see the light. 34The lamp of the body is the eye. Therefore when your eye is good, your whole body is also full of light; but when it is evil, your body also is full of darkness. 35Therefore see whether the light that is in you isn’t darkness. 36If therefore your whole body is full of light, having no part dark, it will be wholly full of light, as when the lamp with its bright shining gives you light.”
37Now as he spoke, a certain Pharisee asked him to dine with him. He went in, and sat at the table. 38When the Pharisee saw it, he marveled that he had not first washed himself before dinner. 39The Lord said to him, “Now you Pharisees cleanse the outside of the cup and of the platter, but your inward part is full of extortion and wickedness. 40You foolish ones, didn’t he who made the outside make the inside also? 41But give for gifts to the needy those things which are within, and behold, all things will be clean to you. 42But woe to you Pharisees! For you tithe mint and rue and every herb, but you bypass justice and God’s love. You ought to have done these, and not to have left the other undone. 43Woe to you Pharisees! For you love the best seats in the synagogues, and the greetings in the marketplaces. 44Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you are like hidden graves, and the men who walk over them don’t know it.”
45One of the lawyers answered him, “Teacher, in saying this you insult us also.”
46He said, “Woe to you lawyers also! For you load men with burdens that are difficult to carry, and you yourselves won’t even lift one finger to help carry those burdens. 47Woe to you! For you build the tombs of the prophets, and your fathers killed them. 48So you testify and consent to the works of your fathers. For they killed them, and you build their tombs. 49Therefore also the wisdom of God said, ‘I will send to them prophets and apostles; and some of them they will kill and persecute, 50that the blood of all the prophets, which was shed from the foundation of the world, may be required of this generation; 51from the blood of Abel to the blood of Zachariah, who perished between the altar and the sanctuary.’ Yes, I tell you, it will be required of this generation. 52Woe to you lawyers! For you took away the key of knowledge. You didn’t enter in yourselves, and those who were entering in, you hindered.”
53As he said these things to them, the scribes and the Pharisees began to be terribly angry, and to draw many things out of him; 54lying in wait for him, and seeking to catch him in something he might say, that they might accuse him.
Text: World English Bible, Public domain. About our sources