Luke 22
- Who wrote it
- Traditionally Luke, a doctor and companion of Paul
- Who it was for
- Theophilus and other followers of Jesus
- What was happening
- The Last Supper, Gethsemane, the arrest, Peter's denial, and the council at dawn
What’s happening
The Passover approaches, and the chief priests and scribes are looking for a way to kill Jesus, afraid of the people. Then Satan enters Judas, called Iscariot, who was one of the twelve, and he goes to the chief priests and agrees to betray him for money. Jesus sends Peter and John to prepare the Passover: "Behold, when you have entered into the city, a man will meet you, carrying a pitcher of water. Follow him into the house which he enters." There they prepare it, and when the hour comes he sits with the apostles: "I have earnestly desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer." He takes a cup and gives thanks, saying, "Take this, and share it among yourselves," then takes bread, gives thanks, breaks it, and says, "This is my body which is given for you. Do this in memory of me." Likewise the cup after supper: "This cup is the new covenant in my blood, which is poured out for you." "But behold, the hand of him who betrays me is with me on the table," and they begin to ask which of them might do it. A dispute arises about which is greatest, and he says, "The kings of the Gentiles lord it over them ... But not so with you. But he who is greater among you, let him become as the younger, and whoever is governing, as one who serves. For who is greater, one who sits at the table, or one who serves? Isn't it he who sits at the table? But I am in the midst of you as one who serves." He says that those who have continued with him in his trials will eat and drink at his table in his kingdom, and sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel. To Simon he says, "Satan asked to have you, that he might sift you as wheat, but I prayed for you, that your faith wouldn't fail. You, when once you have turned again, establish your brothers." Peter says, "Lord, I am ready to go with you both to prison and to death." "I tell you, Peter, the rooster will not crow today until you deny three times that you know me." He tells them to take purse, bag, and a sword; they say, "Lord, behold, here are two swords," and he says, "That is enough." On the Mount of Olives he kneels and prays, "Father, if you are willing, remove this cup from me. Nevertheless, not my will, but yours, be done." An angel from heaven appears, strengthening him, and being in agony he prays more earnestly, and his sweat becomes like great drops of blood falling on the ground. He rises from prayer, finds them sleeping for sorrow, and says, "Why do you sleep? Rise and pray, that you may not enter into temptation." Judas leads a crowd and draws near to kiss him; Jesus says, "Judas, do you betray the Son of Man with a kiss?" One of them strikes the high priest's servant and cuts off his right ear, and Jesus says, "Allow this much," touches the ear and heals him. "This is your hour, and the power of darkness." They seize him and bring him to the high priest's house, and Peter follows at a distance. In the courtyard a servant girl, then another person, then another insists he was with Jesus, and Peter denies it three times; immediately the rooster crows, and the Lord turns and looks at Peter. Peter remembers the word of the Lord and goes out and weeps bitterly. The men holding Jesus mock and beat him. At daybreak the council of elders, chief priests, and scribes meets: "If you are the Christ, tell us." "If I tell you, you won't believe. ... From now on, the Son of Man will be seated at the right hand of the power of God." "Are you then the Son of God?" "You say that I am." "What further need do we have of witness? For we ourselves have heard from his own mouth."
Why the setting matters
Luke's Last Supper has two cups, one before the bread and one after, and a longer or shorter form of the words over them: some old manuscripts omit part of verses 19-20, and scholars debate which is original. The meal is a Passover, recalling the rescue from Egypt, and the "new covenant" language comes from Jeremiah 31:31-34, with "poured out" echoing Isaiah 53. Luke places the argument about greatness at the table, and Jesus answers by describing himself as "one who serves," which Luke earlier shows in 12:37. The twelve thrones echo the twelve tribes. "Satan asked to have you" echoes Job 1; "you" is plural, so he means all the apostles, though Peter is the focus. The two swords are puzzling; many read Jesus' answer, "That is enough," as ending the conversation rather than approving them. The verses about the angel and the sweat like blood (22:43-44) are missing in some of the oldest manuscripts, and whether they are original is debated. Luke leaves out the disciples' fleeing and instead has Jesus heal the servant's ear, and has Jesus' look break Peter's heart. The council meets at daybreak, not at night, in Luke's account, and he does not report false witnesses. The question "Are you then the Son of God?" connects the two titles in a way the council understood.
Who’s in this chapter
Jesus
Shares the supper, prays in agony, is arrested and questioned.
Judas Iscariot
Agrees to betray him, and leads the crowd.
Simon Peter
Promises loyalty, is warned, sleeps, and denies him three times.
John
Sent with Peter to prepare the Passover.
The twelve
At the table, in the garden, and dispute about greatness.
The chief priests
Looking for a way to kill him.
The servant girl
The first to say Peter was with Jesus.
The high priest's servant
Has his ear cut off, and healed.
Pharisees and scribes
Elders and scribes at the council.
Talk it through
- Jesus has "earnestly desired" to eat this Passover. What does that tell you about how he goes into this night?
- Jesus prays for Peter before he fails. What does it mean that the prayer is for his faith not to fail, and that he will turn again?
- The disciples argue about greatness at the supper. What is Jesus doing in answering as he does?
- The Lord turns and looks at Peter. What do you imagine is in that look?
Read Luke 22
World English Bible
1Now the feast of unleavened bread, which is called the Passover, was approaching. 2The chief priests and the scribes sought how they might put him to death, for they feared the people. 3Satan entered into Judas, who was also called Iscariot, who was counted with the twelve. 4He went away, and talked with the chief priests and captains about how he might deliver him to them. 5They were glad, and agreed to give him money. 6He consented, and sought an opportunity to deliver him to them in the absence of the multitude. 7The day of unleavened bread came, on which the Passover must be sacrificed. 8Jesus sent Peter and John, saying, “Go and prepare the Passover for us, that we may eat.”
9They said to him, “Where do you want us to prepare?”
10He said to them, “Behold, when you have entered into the city, a man carrying a pitcher of water will meet you. Follow him into the house which he enters. 11Tell the master of the house, ‘The Teacher says to you, “Where is the guest room, where I may eat the Passover with my disciples?” ’ 12He will show you a large, furnished upper room. Make preparations there.”
13They went, found things as Jesus had told them, and they prepared the Passover. 14When the hour had come, he sat down with the twelve apostles. 15He said to them, “I have earnestly desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer, 16for I tell you, I will no longer by any means eat of it until it is fulfilled in God’s Kingdom.” 17He received a cup, and when he had given thanks, he said, “Take this, and share it among yourselves, 18for I tell you, I will not drink at all again from the fruit of the vine, until God’s Kingdom comes.”
19He took bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke, and gave it to them, saying, “This is my body which is given for you. Do this in memory of me.” 20Likewise, he took the cup after supper, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in my blood, which is poured out for you. 21But behold, the hand of him who betrays me is with me on the table. 22The Son of Man indeed goes, as it has been determined, but woe to that man through whom he is betrayed!”
23They began to question among themselves, which of them it was who would do this thing. 24A dispute also arose among them, which of them was considered to be greatest. 25He said to them, “The kings of the nations lord it over them, and those who have authority over them are called ‘benefactors.’ 26But not so with you. But one who is the greater among you, let him become as the younger, and one who is governing, as one who serves. 27For who is greater, one who sits at the table, or one who serves? Isn’t it he who sits at the table? But I am among you as one who serves. 28But you are those who have continued with me in my trials. 29I confer on you a kingdom, even as my Father conferred on me, 30that you may eat and drink at my table in my Kingdom. You will sit on thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.”
31The Lord said, “Simon, Simon, behold, Satan asked to have all of you, that he might sift you as wheat, 32but I prayed for you, that your faith wouldn’t fail. You, when once you have turned again, establish your brothers.”
33He said to him, “Lord, I am ready to go with you both to prison and to death!”
34He said, “I tell you, Peter, the rooster will by no means crow today until you deny that you know me three times.”
35He said to them, “When I sent you out without purse, wallet, and sandals, did you lack anything?”
They said, “Nothing.”
36Then he said to them, “But now, whoever has a purse, let him take it, and likewise a wallet. Whoever has none, let him sell his cloak, and buy a sword. 37For I tell you that this which is written must still be fulfilled in me: ‘He was counted with transgressors.’ For that which concerns me has an end.”
38They said, “Lord, behold, here are two swords.”
He said to them, “That is enough.”
39He came out and went, as his custom was, to the Mount of Olives. His disciples also followed him. 40When he was at the place, he said to them, “Pray that you don’t enter into temptation.”
41He was withdrawn from them about a stone’s throw, and he knelt down and prayed, 42saying, “Father, if you are willing, remove this cup from me. Nevertheless, not my will, but yours, be done.”
43An angel from heaven appeared to him, strengthening him. 44Being in agony he prayed more earnestly. His sweat became like great drops of blood falling down on the ground.
45When he rose up from his prayer, he came to the disciples, and found them sleeping because of grief, 46and said to them, “Why do you sleep? Rise and pray that you may not enter into temptation.”
47While he was still speaking, behold, a multitude, and he who was called Judas, one of the twelve, was leading them. He came near to Jesus to kiss him. 48But Jesus said to him, “Judas, do you betray the Son of Man with a kiss?”
49When those who were around him saw what was about to happen, they said to him, “Lord, shall we strike with the sword?” 50A certain one of them struck the servant of the high priest, and cut off his right ear.
51But Jesus answered, “Let me at least do this”—and he touched his ear, and healed him. 52Jesus said to the chief priests, captains of the temple, and elders, who had come against him, “Have you come out as against a robber, with swords and clubs? 53When I was with you in the temple daily, you didn’t stretch out your hands against me. But this is your hour, and the power of darkness.”
54They seized him, and led him away, and brought him into the high priest’s house. But Peter followed from a distance. 55When they had kindled a fire in the middle of the courtyard, and had sat down together, Peter sat among them. 56A certain servant girl saw him as he sat in the light, and looking intently at him, said, “This man also was with him.”
57He denied Jesus, saying, “Woman, I don’t know him.”
58After a little while someone else saw him, and said, “You also are one of them!”
But Peter answered, “Man, I am not!”
59After about one hour passed, another confidently affirmed, saying, “Truly this man also was with him, for he is a Galilean!”
60But Peter said, “Man, I don’t know what you are talking about!” Immediately, while he was still speaking, a rooster crowed. 61The Lord turned and looked at Peter. Then Peter remembered the Lord’s word, how he said to him, “Before the rooster crows you will deny me three times.” 62He went out, and wept bitterly.
63The men who held Jesus mocked him and beat him. 64Having blindfolded him, they struck him on the face and asked him, “Prophesy! Who is the one who struck you?” 65They spoke many other things against him, insulting him.
66As soon as it was day, the assembly of the elders of the people were gathered together, both chief priests and scribes, and they led him away into their council, saying, 67“If you are the Christ, tell us.”
But he said to them, “If I tell you, you won’t believe, 68and if I ask, you will in no way answer me or let me go. 69From now on, the Son of Man will be seated at the right hand of the power of God.”
70They all said, “Are you then the Son of God?”
He said to them, “You say it, because I am.”
71They said, “Why do we need any more witness? For we ourselves have heard from his own mouth!”
Text: World English Bible, Public domain. About our sources