Setting the scene
Who wrote it
Traditionally Luke, a doctor and companion of Paul
Who it was for
Theophilus and other followers of Jesus
What was happening
A catch of fish on the lake, a leper, a paralyzed man through a roof, and a tax collector's feast
Read the full background in the book overview

What’s happening

Jesus stands on the shore of the Lake of Gennesaret with the crowd pressing in to hear the word of God. He gets into Simon's boat, asks him to push out a little, and teaches from it. When he finishes he tells Simon, "Put out into the deep, and let down your nets for a catch." Simon answers, "Master, we worked all night and caught nothing. But at your word I will let down the nets." They catch so many fish that the nets begin to break and two boats begin to sink. Simon falls at Jesus' knees: "Depart from me, for I am a sinful man, Lord." Jesus says, "Don't be afraid. From now on you will be catching people alive." Simon, James, and John bring their boats to land, leave everything, and follow him. In one of the towns a man full of leprosy falls on his face: "Lord, if you want to, you can make me clean." Jesus touches him: "I want to. Be made clean." He tells him to show himself to the priest, and, though he orders silence, the news spreads, and he withdraws to deserted places to pray. One day, when Pharisees and teachers of the law from every village of Galilee and Judea and from Jerusalem are sitting by, some men carry a paralyzed man on a bed, and since they can't get through the crowd, they go up on the roof, lower him down through the tiles into the middle, in front of Jesus. Seeing their faith, he says, "Man, your sins are forgiven you." The scribes and Pharisees think, "Who is this who speaks blasphemies? Who can forgive sins, but God alone?" Jesus knows what they are thinking: "Which is easier, to say, 'Your sins are forgiven you,' or to say, 'Get up and walk'? But that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins" and he says to the man, "I tell you, arise, take up your cot, and go to your house." He stands up at once, takes what he lay on, and goes home glorifying God. All are amazed: "We have seen strange things today." After this Jesus sees a tax collector named Levi sitting at the tax office and says, "Follow me." Levi leaves everything and follows, and gives a great feast at his house for Jesus, with a large crowd of tax collectors and others. The Pharisees and their scribes grumble, "Why do you eat and drink with the tax collectors and sinners?" Jesus says, "Those who are healthy have no need for a physician, but those who are sick do. I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance." They ask about fasting, and he answers that you can't make wedding guests fast while the bridegroom is with them; new cloth doesn't patch an old garment, nor new wine go into old wineskins. Only in Luke he adds, "No one having drunk old wine immediately desires new, for he says, 'The old is better.'"

Why the setting matters

The "Lake of Gennesaret" is the Sea of Galilee, named for the fertile plain on its west shore, and Luke is the only Gospel to call it a lake. Fishermen worked at night with nets, so a daytime catch against their expertise is the miracle. Peter's reaction, to confess he is a sinful man, is an Old Testament pattern for meeting the holy (compare Isaiah 6:5). Leprosy (a term covering several skin conditions) kept a person out of the community under Leviticus 13 and 14, and touching such a person made one unclean; Jesus touches him anyway, and sends him to the priest, as the law required for a declared cure. Most houses had flat roofs made of beams, branches, and clay, which could be dug through, and Luke's "tiles" has been explained as the Greek term for roofing material. The scribes were right that only God forgives sins; what is at issue is whether Jesus speaks for him. Levi is a tax collector, probably in Capernaum, a customs post on a trade road; tax collectors profited from the system and were counted as sinners by many. Eating with someone meant acceptance, which is why the Pharisees grumble. The new wine in old wineskins refers to skins that stiffen with age and burst when the wine ferments. Luke's extra line about old wine may explain why people resist what is new.

Read Luke 5 (World English Bible)

Who’s in this chapter

Jesus

Teaches from a boat, touches a leper, forgives a paralyzed man, and eats with sinners.

Simon Peter

Confesses he is a sinful man, and leaves everything.

James

Simon's partner in the fishing business.

John

Simon's partner in the fishing business.

A man with leprosy

Kneels, and is touched and made clean.

The paralyzed man

Lowered through the roof by his friends.

Pharisees and scribes

Pharisees and teachers who object to forgiving sins and eating with sinners.

Levi

A tax collector who leaves his post and gives a feast.

Tax collectors

Come to Levi's feast.

Talk it through

  1. Peter says, "Depart from me, for I am a sinful man," and Jesus says, "Don't be afraid." What is Jesus doing with Peter's confession?
  2. The friends of the paralyzed man go to great lengths to reach Jesus. What does he see in that?
  3. Levi gets up and leaves a lucrative post. What is Luke showing about what following Jesus costs?
  4. Jesus says he has come to call sinners to repentance. Who is he really talking to?

Read Luke 5

World English Bible

1Now while the multitude pressed on him and heard the word of God, he was standing by the lake of Gennesaret. 2He saw two boats standing by the lake, but the fishermen had gone out of them, and were washing their nets. 3He entered into one of the boats, which was Simon’s, and asked him to put out a little from the land. He sat down and taught the multitudes from the boat. 4When he had finished speaking, he said to Simon, “Put out into the deep, and let down your nets for a catch.”

5Simon answered him, “Master, we worked all night, and took nothing; but at your word I will let down the net.” 6When they had done this, they caught a great multitude of fish, and their net was breaking. 7They beckoned to their partners in the other boat, that they should come and help them. They came, and filled both boats, so that they began to sink. 8But Simon Peter, when he saw it, fell down at Jesus’ knees, saying, “Depart from me, for I am a sinful man, Lord.” 9For he was amazed, and all who were with him, at the catch of fish which they had caught; 10and so also were James and John, sons of Zebedee, who were partners with Simon.

Jesus said to Simon, “Don’t be afraid. From now on you will be catching people alive.”

11When they had brought their boats to land, they left everything, and followed him. 12While he was in one of the cities, behold, there was a man full of leprosy. When he saw Jesus, he fell on his face, and begged him, saying, “Lord, if you want to, you can make me clean.”

13He stretched out his hand, and touched him, saying, “I want to. Be made clean.”

Immediately the leprosy left him. 14He commanded him to tell no one, “But go your way, and show yourself to the priest, and offer for your cleansing according to what Moses commanded, for a testimony to them.” 15But the report concerning him spread much more, and great multitudes came together to hear, and to be healed by him of their infirmities. 16But he withdrew himself into the desert, and prayed.

17On one of those days, he was teaching; and there were Pharisees and teachers of the law sitting by, who had come out of every village of Galilee, Judea, and Jerusalem. The power of the Lord was with him to heal them. 18Behold, men brought a paralyzed man on a cot, and they sought to bring him in to lay before Jesus. 19Not finding a way to bring him in because of the multitude, they went up to the housetop, and let him down through the tiles with his cot into the middle before Jesus. 20Seeing their faith, he said to him, “Man, your sins are forgiven you.”

21The scribes and the Pharisees began to reason, saying, “Who is this that speaks blasphemies? Who can forgive sins, but God alone?”

22But Jesus, perceiving their thoughts, answered them, “Why are you reasoning so in your hearts? 23Which is easier to say, ‘Your sins are forgiven you;’ or to say, ‘Arise and walk?’ 24But that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins” (he said to the paralyzed man), “I tell you, arise, take up your cot, and go to your house.”

25Immediately he rose up before them, and took up that which he was laying on, and departed to his house, glorifying God. 26Amazement took hold on all, and they glorified God. They were filled with fear, saying, “We have seen strange things today.”

27After these things he went out, and saw a tax collector named Levi sitting at the tax office, and said to him, “Follow me!”

28He left everything, and rose up and followed him. 29Levi made a great feast for him in his house. There was a great crowd of tax collectors and others who were reclining with them. 30Their scribes and the Pharisees murmured against his disciples, saying, “Why do you eat and drink with the tax collectors and sinners?” 31Jesus answered them, “Those who are healthy have no need for a physician, but those who are sick do. 32I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance.”

33They said to him, “Why do John’s disciples often fast and pray, likewise also the disciples of the Pharisees, but yours eat and drink?”

34He said to them, “Can you make the friends of the bridegroom fast while the bridegroom is with them? 35But the days will come when the bridegroom will be taken away from them. Then they will fast in those days.” 36He also told a parable to them. “No one puts a piece from a new garment on an old garment, or else he will tear the new, and also the piece from the new will not match the old. 37No one puts new wine into old wine skins, or else the new wine will burst the skins, and it will be spilled, and the skins will be destroyed. 38But new wine must be put into fresh wine skins, and both are preserved. 39No man having drunk old wine immediately desires new, for he says, ‘The old is better.’ ”

Text: World English Bible, Public domain. About our sources