Luke 12
- Who wrote it
- Traditionally Luke, a doctor and companion of Paul
- Who it was for
- Theophilus and other followers of Jesus
- What was happening
- Fear and hypocrisy, a rich man's barns, worry, and being ready
What’s happening
Thousands gather, so that people trample one another, and Jesus first says to his disciples, "Beware of the yeast of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy." Nothing is covered that will not be revealed. "Don't be afraid of those who kill the body, and after that have no more that they can do ... Fear him who, after he has killed, has power to cast into Gehenna." Five sparrows sell for two pennies, and not one is forgotten by God; "the very hairs of your head are all numbered. Therefore don't be afraid." Whoever acknowledges him before men, the Son of Man will acknowledge before the angels of God, and the Holy Spirit will teach them what to say when brought before synagogues and rulers. A man in the crowd says, "Teacher, tell my brother to divide the inheritance with me." Jesus says, "Man, who made me a judge or an arbitrator over you?" and warns, "Beware! Keep yourselves from covetousness, for a man's life doesn't consist of the abundance of the things which he possesses." He tells of a rich man whose land produced abundantly, who thinks, "I will pull down my barns and build bigger ones ... and I will tell my soul, 'Soul, you have many goods laid up for many years. Take your ease, eat, drink, be merry.'" God says, "You foolish one, tonight your soul is required of you. The things which you have prepared, whose will they be?" So is he who lays up treasure for himself and is not rich toward God. "Therefore I tell you, don't be anxious for your life, what you will eat, nor yet for your body, what you will wear." Consider the ravens, which neither sow nor reap and yet God feeds them; consider the lilies, how they grow, and not even Solomon in all his glory was clothed like one of these. "Don't seek what you will eat or what you will drink ... Your Father knows that you need these things. But seek God's Kingdom, and all these things will be added to you. Don't be afraid, little flock, for it is your Father's good pleasure to give you the Kingdom." "Sell that which you have, and give gifts to the needy. Make for yourselves purses which don't grow old ... for where your treasure is, there will your heart be also." Servants are to be dressed for service with their lamps burning, like those waiting for their master from a wedding feast; blessed are those servants whom the master finds awake, for he will have them sit and will serve them. The thief would not have broken in had the owner known the hour: "Be ready also, for the Son of Man is coming at an hour when you don't expect him." Peter asks if the parable is for them or for all; Jesus speaks of the faithful and wise steward, put in charge and found doing his job, and of the unfaithful one who beats the servants and gets drunk. "To whom much is given, of him will much be required." He says, "I came to throw fire on the earth. I wish it were already kindled. But I have a baptism to be baptized with, and how distressed I am until it is accomplished!" He says he has not come to give peace but division, even within households, and rebukes the crowd for reading the sky but not "this time." "Why don't you judge for yourselves what is right?" and urges settling with an opponent on the way to court.
Why the setting matters
The chapter reads as a series of sayings on the one subject of what to trust: fear of people, possessions, worry about needs, readiness for the master's return. "Yeast" is a recurring picture of something small that spreads. "Gehenna" is the valley of Hinnom outside Jerusalem, used as an image of judgment. Sparrows were the cheapest food sold in the market, which is the point of the saying. Inheritance disputes were brought to teachers of the law, since the Torah set out the rules (Deuteronomy 21:16-17), which is why the man asks. The rich man in the parable is never called wicked, only a fool, because he plans entirely for himself and does not reckon with death; he also speaks only to himself and says "my" repeatedly. Ravens were unclean birds, and wildflowers were burned as fuel when they dried, so both are pictures of the smallest things in the world that God provides for. "Little flock" is a gentle title for the disciples. The servants who sit and are served by their master reverse the order of the household, and look back to what Jesus says at the Last Supper (22:27). The "fire" and the "baptism" are images for the judgment and suffering that Jesus must go through. Reading the weather is a skill farmers had; he asks them to read the times.
Who’s in this chapter
Jesus
Teaches his disciples what to trust.
The disciples
Told not to fear or worry.
The crowds
Gather by the thousands.
A man in the crowd
Asks Jesus to settle a family quarrel.
The rich fool
A man who stores up for himself.
Simon Peter
Asks who the parable is for.
Pharisees and scribes
Their yeast is called hypocrisy.
Talk it through
- Jesus warns of covetousness before telling the story. What is the "life" that doesn't consist of possessions?
- The rich man is not called wicked, only foolish. What exactly was his mistake?
- "Don't be anxious" is easier said than done. What does Jesus give in place of anxiety?
- "To whom much is given, much is required." How does that fit with "your Father's good pleasure to give you the kingdom"?
Read Luke 12
World English Bible
1Meanwhile, when a multitude of many thousands had gathered together, so much so that they trampled on each other, he began to tell his disciples first of all, “Beware of the yeast of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy. 2But there is nothing covered up that will not be revealed, nor hidden that will not be known. 3Therefore whatever you have said in the darkness will be heard in the light. What you have spoken in the ear in the inner rooms will be proclaimed on the housetops.
4“I tell you, my friends, don’t be afraid of those who kill the body, and after that have no more that they can do. 5But I will warn you whom you should fear. Fear him who after he has killed, has power to cast into Gehenna. Yes, I tell you, fear him.
6“Aren’t five sparrows sold for two assaria coins? Not one of them is forgotten by God. 7But the very hairs of your head are all counted. Therefore don’t be afraid. You are of more value than many sparrows.
8“I tell you, everyone who confesses me before men, the Son of Man will also confess before the angels of God; 9but he who denies me in the presence of men will be denied in the presence of God’s angels. 10Everyone who speaks a word against the Son of Man will be forgiven, but those who blaspheme against the Holy Spirit will not be forgiven. 11When they bring you before the synagogues, the rulers, and the authorities, don’t be anxious how or what you will answer, or what you will say; 12for the Holy Spirit will teach you in that same hour what you must say.”
13One of the multitude said to him, “Teacher, tell my brother to divide the inheritance with me.”
14But he said to him, “Man, who made me a judge or an arbitrator over you?” 15He said to them, “Beware! Keep yourselves from covetousness, for a man’s life doesn’t consist of the abundance of the things which he possesses.”
16He spoke a parable to them, saying, “The ground of a certain rich man produced abundantly. 17He reasoned within himself, saying, ‘What will I do, because I don’t have room to store my crops?’ 18He said, ‘This is what I will do. I will pull down my barns, build bigger ones, and there I will store all my grain and my goods. 19I will tell my soul, “Soul, you have many goods laid up for many years. Take your ease, eat, drink, and be merry.” ’
20“But God said to him, ‘You foolish one, tonight your soul is required of you. The things which you have prepared—whose will they be?’ 21So is he who lays up treasure for himself, and is not rich toward God.”
22He said to his disciples, “Therefore I tell you, don’t be anxious for your life, what you will eat, nor yet for your body, what you will wear. 23Life is more than food, and the body is more than clothing. 24Consider the ravens: they don’t sow, they don’t reap, they have no warehouse or barn, and God feeds them. How much more valuable are you than birds! 25Which of you by being anxious can add a cubit to his height? 26If then you aren’t able to do even the least things, why are you anxious about the rest? 27Consider the lilies, how they grow. They don’t toil, neither do they spin; yet I tell you, even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these. 28But if this is how God clothes the grass in the field, which today exists, and tomorrow is cast into the oven, how much more will he clothe you, O you of little faith? 29Don’t seek what you will eat or what you will drink; neither be anxious. 30For the nations of the world seek after all of these things, but your Father knows that you need these things. 31But seek God’s Kingdom, and all these things will be added to you. 32Don’t be afraid, little flock, for it is your Father’s good pleasure to give you the Kingdom. 33Sell that which you have, and give gifts to the needy. Make for yourselves purses which don’t grow old, a treasure in the heavens that doesn’t fail, where no thief approaches, neither moth destroys. 34For where your treasure is, there will your heart be also.
35“Let your waist be dressed and your lamps burning. 36Be like men watching for their lord, when he returns from the wedding feast; that when he comes and knocks, they may immediately open to him. 37Blessed are those servants, whom the lord will find watching when he comes. Most certainly I tell you that he will dress himself, make them recline, and will come and serve them. 38They will be blessed if he comes in the second or third watch, and finds them so. 39But know this, that if the master of the house had known in what hour the thief was coming, he would have watched, and not allowed his house to be broken into. 40Therefore be ready also, for the Son of Man is coming in an hour that you don’t expect him.”
41Peter said to him, “Lord, are you telling this parable to us, or to everybody?”
42The Lord said, “Who then is the faithful and wise steward, whom his lord will set over his household, to give them their portion of food at the right times? 43Blessed is that servant whom his lord will find doing so when he comes. 44Truly I tell you, that he will set him over all that he has. 45But if that servant says in his heart, ‘My lord delays his coming,’ and begins to beat the menservants and the maidservants, and to eat and drink, and to be drunken, 46then the lord of that servant will come in a day when he isn’t expecting him, and in an hour that he doesn’t know, and will cut him in two, and place his portion with the unfaithful. 47That servant, who knew his lord’s will, and didn’t prepare, nor do what he wanted, will be beaten with many stripes, 48but he who didn’t know, and did things worthy of stripes, will be beaten with few stripes. To whomever much is given, of him will much be required; and to whom much was entrusted, of him more will be asked.
49“I came to throw fire on the earth. I wish it were already kindled. 50But I have a baptism to be baptized with, and how distressed I am until it is accomplished! 51Do you think that I have come to give peace in the earth? I tell you, no, but rather division. 52For from now on, there will be five in one house divided, three against two, and two against three. 53They will be divided, father against son, and son against father; mother against daughter, and daughter against her mother; mother-in-law against her daughter-in-law, and daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law.”
54He said to the multitudes also, “When you see a cloud rising from the west, immediately you say, ‘A shower is coming,’ and so it happens. 55When a south wind blows, you say, ‘There will be a scorching heat,’ and it happens. 56You hypocrites! You know how to interpret the appearance of the earth and the sky, but how is it that you don’t interpret this time? 57Why don’t you judge for yourselves what is right? 58For when you are going with your adversary before the magistrate, try diligently on the way to be released from him, lest perhaps he drag you to the judge, and the judge deliver you to the officer, and the officer throw you into prison. 59I tell you, you will by no means get out of there, until you have paid the very last penny.”
Text: World English Bible, Public domain. About our sources