Luke 19
- Who wrote it
- Traditionally Luke, a doctor and companion of Paul
- Who it was for
- Theophilus and other followers of Jesus
- What was happening
- Zacchaeus in Jericho, the parable of the minas, the entry into Jerusalem, and tears over the city
What’s happening
Jesus enters Jericho and is passing through. A man named Zacchaeus, a chief tax collector and rich, wants to see who Jesus is, but being short, can't see over the crowd, so he runs ahead and climbs a sycamore fig tree. Jesus looks up and says, "Zacchaeus, hurry and come down, for today I must stay at your house." He hurries down and receives him joyfully, and all grumble, "He has gone in to lodge with a man who is a sinner." Zacchaeus says, "Behold, Lord, half of my goods I give to the poor. If I have wrongfully exacted anything of anyone, I restore four times as much." Jesus says, "Today salvation has come to this house, because he also is a son of Abraham. For the Son of Man came to seek and to save that which was lost." Because he is near Jerusalem and they think the Kingdom of God will appear at once, he tells a parable: a nobleman goes into a far country to receive a kingdom and return. He calls ten servants, gives them ten minas, and says, "Conduct business until I come." His citizens hate him and send a delegation after him: "We don't want this man to reign over us." When he returns having received the kingdom, he calls the servants to see what they have gained. The first has made ten more, and the king says, "Well done, you good servant. Because you were found faithful with very little, you shall have authority over ten cities." The second has made five, and is given five cities. Another brings back his mina wrapped in a handkerchief: "I feared you, because you are an exacting man." The king says, "Out of your own mouth will I judge you, you wicked servant," and takes the mina from him and gives it to the one who has ten. "To everyone who has, will more be given; but from him who doesn't have, even that which he has will be taken away." And the king says, "Bring here these enemies of mine, who didn't want me to reign over them, and kill them before me." After saying this he goes ahead, going up to Jerusalem. Near Bethphage and Bethany, at the Mount of Olives, he sends two disciples to bring a colt that no one has sat on; "If anyone asks you, 'Why are you untying it?' say 'The Lord needs it.'" As he rides, people spread their cloaks on the road, and as he comes down the Mount of Olives the whole multitude of the disciples begin to rejoice and praise God with a loud voice for all the mighty works they had seen: "Blessed is the King who comes in the name of the Lord! Peace in heaven, and glory in the highest!" Some Pharisees say, "Teacher, rebuke your disciples," and he answers, "I tell you that if these were silent, the stones would cry out." When he sees the city, he weeps over it: "If you, even you, had known today the things which belong to your peace! But now they are hidden from your eyes. For the days will come on you, when your enemies will throw up a barricade against you, surround you, hem you in on every side, and will dash you and your children within you to the ground. They will not leave in you one stone on another, because you didn't know the time of your visitation." He goes into the temple and begins to drive out those who sell, saying, "It is written, 'My house is a house of prayer,' but you have made it a den of robbers." He is teaching daily in the temple, and the chief priests, scribes, and leaders of the people seek to destroy him, but can't find a way, for all the people hang on his words.
Why the setting matters
Jericho was a rich city, with a customs station on the trade route and balsam and palm groves, so a chief tax collector like Zacchaeus would have been wealthy and hated. Tax collectors collected more than was due for their own profit, which is why Zacchaeus's promise to repay fourfold goes beyond the law's requirement (Exodus 22:1 and Leviticus 6:5 ask for repayment with an added fifth). His name is the Hebrew for "pure" or "righteous." A grown man climbing a tree in public was undignified, and Jesus' invitation to eat at his house, again at the center of grumbling, marks him as someone welcomed. The parable of the minas draws on a known story: after Herod the Great died, his son Archelaus traveled to Rome to be confirmed as king, and a Jewish delegation went after him to oppose it (Josephus). A mina was about one hundred days' wages. The king's reward of cities, the third servant's excuse, and the enemy citizens' judgment each speak to different hearers. The entry into Jerusalem in Luke has the word "king" for the first time and echoes the angels' song at the birth (2:14). "The stones would cry out" recalls Habakkuk 2:11. The weeping over Jerusalem describes a siege with an embankment, a detail that matches Rome's siege in AD 70; whether this was written after the event or is a prophecy is debated. "The time of your visitation" picks up Zechariah's song (1:68, 1:78).
Who’s in this chapter
Jesus
Seeks out Zacchaeus, rides into Jerusalem, and weeps over it.
Zacchaeus
A chief tax collector who climbs a tree and gives away half.
The nobleman
The king in the parable, who goes away and returns.
The servants
Given ten minas to trade with.
The disciples
Bring the colt and shout praise.
The crowds
Grumble about Zacchaeus; later spread their cloaks.
Pharisees and scribes
Pharisees tell him to silence his disciples.
The chief priests
Seek to destroy him.
Talk it through
- Zacchaeus climbs a tree and then promises restitution. What changed between the two?
- Jesus said, "The Son of Man came to seek and to save that which was lost." What does that verse sum up about Luke's Gospel?
- The parable of the minas has a king, servants, and enemies. Where do you see yourself, and what is it asking for?
- Jesus weeps over Jerusalem as the crowd cheers. What does he see that they don't?
Read Luke 19
World English Bible
1He entered and was passing through Jericho. 2There was a man named Zacchaeus. He was a chief tax collector, and he was rich. 3He was trying to see who Jesus was, and couldn’t because of the crowd, because he was short. 4He ran on ahead, and climbed up into a sycamore tree to see him, for he was going to pass that way. 5When Jesus came to the place, he looked up and saw him, and said to him, “Zacchaeus, hurry and come down, for today I must stay at your house.” 6He hurried, came down, and received him joyfully. 7When they saw it, they all murmured, saying, “He has gone in to lodge with a man who is a sinner.”
8Zacchaeus stood and said to the Lord, “Behold, Lord, half of my goods I give to the poor. If I have wrongfully exacted anything of anyone, I restore four times as much.”
9Jesus said to him, “Today, salvation has come to this house, because he also is a son of Abraham. 10For the Son of Man came to seek and to save that which was lost.”
11As they heard these things, he went on and told a parable, because he was near Jerusalem, and they supposed that God’s Kingdom would be revealed immediately. 12He said therefore, “A certain nobleman went into a far country to receive for himself a kingdom and to return. 13He called ten servants of his and gave them ten mina coins, and told them, ‘Conduct business until I come.’ 14But his citizens hated him, and sent an envoy after him, saying, ‘We don’t want this man to reign over us.’
15“When he had come back again, having received the kingdom, he commanded these servants, to whom he had given the money, to be called to him, that he might know what they had gained by conducting business. 16The first came before him, saying, ‘Lord, your mina has made ten more minas.’
17“He said to him, ‘Well done, you good servant! Because you were found faithful with very little, you shall have authority over ten cities.’
18“The second came, saying, ‘Your mina, Lord, has made five minas.’
19“So he said to him, ‘And you are to be over five cities.’ 20Another came, saying, ‘Lord, behold, your mina, which I kept laid away in a handkerchief, 21for I feared you, because you are an exacting man. You take up that which you didn’t lay down, and reap that which you didn’t sow.’
22“He said to him, ‘Out of your own mouth I will judge you, you wicked servant! You knew that I am an exacting man, taking up that which I didn’t lay down, and reaping that which I didn’t sow. 23Then why didn’t you deposit my money in the bank, and at my coming, I might have earned interest on it?’ 24He said to those who stood by, ‘Take the mina away from him and give it to him who has the ten minas.’
25“They said to him, ‘Lord, he has ten minas!’ 26‘For I tell you that to everyone who has, will more be given; but from him who doesn’t have, even that which he has will be taken away from him. 27But bring those enemies of mine who didn’t want me to reign over them here, and kill them before me.’ ” 28Having said these things, he went on ahead, going up to Jerusalem.
29When he came near to Bethsphage and Bethany, at the mountain that is called Olivet, he sent two of his disciples, 30saying, “Go your way into the village on the other side, in which, as you enter, you will find a colt tied, which no man had ever sat upon. Untie it and bring it. 31If anyone asks you, ‘Why are you untying it?’ say to him: ‘The Lord needs it.’ ”
32Those who were sent went away, and found things just as he had told them. 33As they were untying the colt, its owners said to them, “Why are you untying the colt?” 34They said, “The Lord needs it.” 35Then they brought it to Jesus. They threw their cloaks on the colt, and sat Jesus on them. 36As he went, they spread their cloaks on the road. 37As he was now getting near, at the descent of the Mount of Olives, the whole multitude of the disciples began to rejoice and praise God with a loud voice for all the mighty works which they had seen, 38saying, “Blessed is the King who comes in the name of the Lord! Peace in heaven, and glory in the highest!”
39Some of the Pharisees from the multitude said to him, “Teacher, rebuke your disciples!”
40He answered them, “I tell you that if these were silent, the stones would cry out.”
41When he came near, he saw the city and wept over it, 42saying, “If you, even you, had known today the things which belong to your peace! But now, they are hidden from your eyes. 43For the days will come on you, when your enemies will throw up a barricade against you, surround you, hem you in on every side, 44and will dash you and your children within you to the ground. They will not leave in you one stone on another, because you didn’t know the time of your visitation.”
45He entered into the temple, and began to drive out those who bought and sold in it, 46saying to them, “It is written, ‘My house is a house of prayer,’ but you have made it a ‘den of robbers’!”
47He was teaching daily in the temple, but the chief priests, the scribes, and the leading men among the people sought to destroy him. 48They couldn’t find what they might do, for all the people hung on to every word that he said.
Text: World English Bible, Public domain. About our sources