Luke 2
- Who wrote it
- Traditionally Luke, a doctor and companion of Paul
- Who it was for
- Theophilus and other followers of Jesus
- What was happening
- A census, a birth in Bethlehem, and a boy in the temple
What’s happening
In those days a decree goes out from Caesar Augustus that all the world should be registered, the first registration made while Quirinius was governor of Syria. Everyone goes to their own town, so Joseph goes from Nazareth up to Bethlehem, the city of David, because he is of David's house, with Mary, who is pregnant. While they are there she gives birth to her firstborn son, wraps him in strips of cloth, and lays him in a feeding trough, because there was no room for them in the guest room. In the same region shepherds are watching their flocks by night. An angel of the Lord stands before them, the glory of the Lord shines around them, and they are terrified. "Don't be afraid, for behold, I bring you good news of great joy which will be to all the people. For there is born to you today, in David's city, a Savior, who is Christ the Lord." The sign is a baby wrapped in strips of cloth and lying in a feeding trough. A multitude of the heavenly host appears, saying, "Glory to God in the highest, on earth peace among men with whom he is pleased." The shepherds hurry to Bethlehem, find the baby, and tell what they had heard, and all who hear it wonder, while Mary treasures these things in her heart. On the eighth day the child is circumcised and named Jesus. When the days of their purification are fulfilled, they bring him to Jerusalem to present him to the Lord, and offer a pair of turtledoves or two young pigeons. A righteous man named Simeon, who had been told by the Spirit that he would not see death before he had seen the Lord's Christ, takes the child in his arms: "Now you are releasing your servant, Master, according to your word, in peace; for my eyes have seen your salvation ... a light for revelation to the Gentiles, and the glory of your people Israel." He tells Mary that this child is destined for the falling and rising of many in Israel, "and a sword will pierce through your own soul." An eighty-four-year-old widow, Anna the prophetess, who never leaves the temple, gives thanks and speaks about the child to all who are looking for the redemption of Jerusalem. The family returns to Nazareth, and the child grows strong, filled with wisdom, and the favor of God is on him. Every year his parents go to Jerusalem for the Passover. When he is twelve, they begin the journey home and find, after a day, that he is not with the group. They return and find him after three days in the temple, sitting among the teachers, listening and asking them questions. His mother says, "Son, why have you treated us this way? Behold, your father and I were anxiously looking for you." He says, "Why were you looking for me? Didn't you know that I must be in my Father's house?" They do not understand. He goes down with them to Nazareth and is subject to them, and Jesus grows in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and men.
Why the setting matters
Augustus was the first Roman emperor (27 BC to AD 14), and inscriptions of the time call him "savior" and praise the day of his birth as "good news," which is the language Luke uses for Jesus. Roman registrations, for taxes and for counting people, are well known. The difficulty is the date: Josephus records a census under Quirinius in AD 6, while Luke places the birth in the days of Herod, who died in 4 BC. How to reconcile them (an earlier registration, a different reading of the Greek, or an error) is debated. Joseph's trip to Bethlehem was about six miles south of Jerusalem and roughly ninety miles from Nazareth. The word usually translated "inn" is the same word Luke uses for the upstairs guest room in 22:11, so the "no room" may be a crowded family house, where the animals' space was part of the home; this is debated. Shepherds were low in social standing, yet they are the first told. Purification after birth is set out in Leviticus 12, and a pair of birds was the offering of those who couldn't afford a lamb, which tells us the family's means. Simeon and Anna belong to the group in Israel "waiting for the consolation" of the nation, and Simeon's song includes the Gentiles from the start. The boy's question, "Didn't you know I must be in my Father's house?" is the first thing he says in Luke.
Who’s in this chapter
Mary
Gives birth and treasures what she hears.
Joseph
Travels with her to Bethlehem.
Jesus
Born in Bethlehem; found at twelve in the temple.
The shepherds
The first to hear the news and to tell it.
Simeon
A righteous man in the temple, who sees salvation.
Anna
An elderly prophet who speaks of the child to all.
Caesar Augustus
The emperor whose decree sets the journey in motion.
Talk it through
- The first people told are shepherds, not the powerful. What is Luke saying about who the good news is for?
- Simeon tells Mary a sword will pierce her own soul. Why might Luke put that into the birth story?
- At twelve Jesus calls the temple "my Father's house," and then goes home and obeys. How do these two things sit together?
- Luke ties the birth to Augustus and Quirinius. What does it do for the story to set it in the big world?
Read Luke 2
World English Bible
1Now in those days, a decree went out from Caesar Augustus that all the world should be enrolled. 2This was the first enrollment made when Quirinius was governor of Syria. 3All went to enroll themselves, everyone to his own city. 4Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judea, to David’s city, which is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and family of David; 5to enroll himself with Mary, who was pledged to be married to him as wife, being pregnant.
6While they were there, the day had come for her to give birth. 7She gave birth to her firstborn son. She wrapped him in bands of cloth, and laid him in a feeding trough, because there was no room for them in the inn. 8There were shepherds in the same country staying in the field, and keeping watch by night over their flock. 9Behold, an angel of the Lord stood by them, and the glory of the Lord shone around them, and they were terrified. 10The angel said to them, “Don’t be afraid, for behold, I bring you good news of great joy which will be to all the people. 11For there is born to you today, in David’s city, a Savior, who is Christ the Lord. 12This is the sign to you: you will find a baby wrapped in strips of cloth, lying in a feeding trough.” 13Suddenly, there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly army praising God, and saying,
14“Glory to God in the highest, on earth peace, good will toward men.”
15When the angels went away from them into the sky, the shepherds said to one another, “Let’s go to Bethlehem, now, and see this thing that has happened, which the Lord has made known to us.” 16They came with haste, and found both Mary and Joseph, and the baby was lying in the feeding trough. 17When they saw it, they publicized widely the saying which was spoken to them about this child. 18All who heard it wondered at the things which were spoken to them by the shepherds. 19But Mary kept all these sayings, pondering them in her heart. 20The shepherds returned, glorifying and praising God for all the things that they had heard and seen, just as it was told them.
21When eight days were fulfilled for the circumcision of the child, his name was called Jesus, which was given by the angel before he was conceived in the womb.
22When the days of their purification according to the law of Moses were fulfilled, they brought him up to Jerusalem, to present him to the Lord 23(as it is written in the law of the Lord, “Every male who opens the womb shall be called holy to the Lord”), 24and to offer a sacrifice according to that which is said in the law of the Lord, “A pair of turtledoves, or two young pigeons.”
25Behold, there was a man in Jerusalem whose name was Simeon. This man was righteous and devout, looking for the consolation of Israel, and the Holy Spirit was on him. 26It had been revealed to him by the Holy Spirit that he should not see death before he had seen the Lord’s Christ. 27He came in the Spirit into the temple. When the parents brought in the child, Jesus, that they might do concerning him according to the custom of the law, 28then he received him into his arms, and blessed God, and said,
29“Now you are releasing your servant, Master, according to your word, in peace; 30for my eyes have seen your salvation, 31which you have prepared before the face of all peoples; 32a light for revelation to the nations, and the glory of your people Israel.”
33Joseph and his mother were marveling at the things which were spoken concerning him, 34and Simeon blessed them, and said to Mary, his mother, “Behold, this child is set for the falling and the rising of many in Israel, and for a sign which is spoken against. 35Yes, a sword will pierce through your own soul, that the thoughts of many hearts may be revealed.”
36There was one Anna, a prophetess, the daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Asher (she was of a great age, having lived with a husband seven years from her virginity, 37and she had been a widow for about eighty-four years), who didn’t depart from the temple, worshiping with fastings and petitions night and day. 38Coming up at that very hour, she gave thanks to the Lord, and spoke of him to all those who were looking for redemption in Jerusalem.
39When they had accomplished all things that were according to the law of the Lord, they returned into Galilee, to their own city, Nazareth. 40The child was growing, and was becoming strong in spirit, being filled with wisdom, and the grace of God was upon him. 41His parents went every year to Jerusalem at the feast of the Passover.
42When he was twelve years old, they went up to Jerusalem according to the custom of the feast, 43and when they had fulfilled the days, as they were returning, the boy Jesus stayed behind in Jerusalem. Joseph and his mother didn’t know it, 44but supposing him to be in the company, they went a day’s journey, and they looked for him among their relatives and acquaintances. 45When they didn’t find him, they returned to Jerusalem, looking for him. 46After three days they found him in the temple, sitting in the middle of the teachers, both listening to them, and asking them questions. 47All who heard him were amazed at his understanding and his answers. 48When they saw him, they were astonished, and his mother said to him, “Son, why have you treated us this way? Behold, your father and I were anxiously looking for you.”
49He said to them, “Why were you looking for me? Didn’t you know that I must be in my Father’s house?” 50They didn’t understand the saying which he spoke to them. 51And he went down with them, and came to Nazareth. He was subject to them, and his mother kept all these sayings in her heart. 52And Jesus increased in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and men.
Text: World English Bible, Public domain. About our sources