Mark 4
- Who wrote it
- Traditionally John Mark
- Who it was for
- Followers of Jesus, likely mostly Gentiles
- What was happening
- Teaching in parables from a boat, then a storm on the lake
What’s happening
Jesus teaches by the sea, and so many people gather that he gets into a boat and sits in it while they stand on the shore. He teaches in parables: a sower goes out to sow, and some seed falls on the path and the birds eat it, some on rocky ground where it springs up quickly and withers in the sun, some among thorns that choke it, and some on good soil, which bears fruit thirty, sixty, and a hundredfold. "He who has ears to hear, let him hear." When he is alone with the twelve and others, they ask about the parables, and he says, "To you is given the mystery of the kingdom of God, but to those who are outside, all things are done in parables, that 'seeing they may see and not perceive,'" quoting Isaiah. He asks, "Don't you understand this parable? How will you understand all the parables?" and explains the sower: the seed is the word, and the soils are the different ways people receive it. He adds that a lamp is put on a stand, not under a basket, that nothing hidden won't be revealed, and that the measure you give will be the measure you get. Only in Mark he tells the parable of the seed that grows by itself: a man scatters seed and sleeps and rises, and the seed sprouts and grows, he doesn't know how, and when the grain is ripe he puts in the sickle for the harvest. The kingdom is also like a mustard seed, the smallest of seeds, which grows into the largest of garden plants so that birds can nest in its shade. With many such parables he speaks the word "as they were able to hear it," and in private he explains everything to his disciples. That evening he says, "Let's go over to the other side." They take him in the boat, just as he was, and other boats go with them. A great windstorm arises, and the waves beat into the boat so that it is already filling, and Jesus is in the stern, asleep on the cushion. They wake him: "Teacher, don't you care that we are dying?" He rebukes the wind and says to the sea, "Peace! Be still!" and the wind ceases and there is a great calm. "Why are you so afraid? Don't you have faith yet?" They are very afraid and say to one another, "Who then is this, that even the wind and the sea obey him?"
Why the setting matters
Farmers in Galilee scattered seed by hand and plowed it in afterward, so some inevitably fell on the paths between fields, on thin soil over limestone, or among thorn roots. A good harvest might yield several times the seed sown, so a hundredfold is extraordinary. The mustard plant is a shrub that can grow several feet tall. The quotation from Isaiah 6:9-10 describes people who hear and do not understand; how to read Jesus' purpose in using parables is debated. "The mystery of the kingdom" means something hidden that has now been revealed. The Sea of Galilee lies below sea level, ringed by hills, and violent storms can blow up without warning. The "cushion" (proskephalaion) was a pillow or rower's cushion. "The other side" is the east shore, mostly Gentile territory, which sets up chapter 5. The verb Jesus uses to still the storm, "Peace! Be still!" (literally "Be muzzled"), is the same one he used to silence the unclean spirit in 1:25.
Who’s in this chapter
The crowds
Hear the parables from the shore.
The disciples
Are given explanations, and are terrified in the storm.
Talk it through
- The sower scatters seed generously, even on poor ground. What might that say about how the kingdom comes?
- Jesus says the parables hide as well as reveal. Why might he teach this way, and who is "outside"?
- Only Mark tells the story of the seed that grows by itself. What is it saying about who does the growing?
- The disciples ask, "Teacher, don't you care?" and then are more afraid of Jesus than of the storm. What do you make of that?
Read Mark 4
World English Bible
1Again he began to teach by the seaside. A great multitude was gathered to him, so that he entered into a boat in the sea, and sat down. All the multitude were on the land by the sea. 2He taught them many things in parables, and told them in his teaching, 3“Listen! Behold, the farmer went out to sow, 4and as he sowed, some seed fell by the road, and the birds came and devoured it. 5Others fell on the rocky ground, where it had little soil, and immediately it sprang up, because it had no depth of soil. 6When the sun had risen, it was scorched; and because it had no root, it withered away. 7Others fell among the thorns, and the thorns grew up, and choked it, and it yielded no fruit. 8Others fell into the good ground, and yielded fruit, growing up and increasing. Some produced thirty times, some sixty times, and some one hundred times as much.” 9He said, “Whoever has ears to hear, let him hear.”
10When he was alone, those who were around him with the twelve asked him about the parables. 11He said to them, “To you is given the mystery of God’s Kingdom, but to those who are outside, all things are done in parables, 12that ‘seeing they may see, and not perceive; and hearing they may hear, and not understand; lest perhaps they should turn again, and their sins should be forgiven them.’ ”
13He said to them, “Don’t you understand this parable? How will you understand all of the parables? 14The farmer sows the word. 15The ones by the road are the ones where the word is sown; and when they have heard, immediately Satan comes, and takes away the word which has been sown in them. 16These in the same way are those who are sown on the rocky places, who, when they have heard the word, immediately receive it with joy. 17They have no root in themselves, but are short-lived. When oppression or persecution arises because of the word, immediately they stumble. 18Others are those who are sown among the thorns. These are those who have heard the word, 19and the cares of this age, and the deceitfulness of riches, and the lusts of other things entering in choke the word, and it becomes unfruitful. 20Those which were sown on the good ground are those who hear the word, and accept it, and bear fruit, some thirty times, some sixty times, and some one hundred times.”
21He said to them, “Is the lamp brought to be put under a basket or under a bed? Isn’t it put on a stand? 22For there is nothing hidden, except that it should be made known; neither was anything made secret, but that it should come to light. 23If any man has ears to hear, let him hear.”
24He said to them, “Take heed what you hear. With whatever measure you measure, it will be measured to you, and more will be given to you who hear. 25For whoever has, to him more will be given, and he who doesn’t have, even that which he has will be taken away from him.”
26He said, “God’s Kingdom is as if a man should cast seed on the earth, 27and should sleep and rise night and day, and the seed should spring up and grow, though he doesn’t know how. 28For the earth bears fruit: first the blade, then the ear, then the full grain in the ear. 29But when the fruit is ripe, immediately he puts in the sickle, because the harvest has come.”
30He said, “How will we liken God’s Kingdom? Or with what parable will we illustrate it? 31It’s like a grain of mustard seed, which, when it is sown in the earth, though it is less than all the seeds that are on the earth, 32yet when it is sown, grows up, and becomes greater than all the herbs, and puts out great branches, so that the birds of the sky can lodge under its shadow.”
33With many such parables he spoke the word to them, as they were able to hear it. 34Without a parable he didn’t speak to them; but privately to his own disciples he explained everything.
35On that day, when evening had come, he said to them, “Let’s go over to the other side.” 36Leaving the multitude, they took him with them, even as he was, in the boat. Other small boats were also with him. 37A big wind storm arose, and the waves beat into the boat, so much that the boat was already filled. 38He himself was in the stern, asleep on the cushion, and they woke him up, and told him, “Teacher, don’t you care that we are dying?”
39He awoke, and rebuked the wind, and said to the sea, “Peace! Be still!” The wind ceased, and there was a great calm. 40He said to them, “Why are you so afraid? How is it that you have no faith?”
41They were greatly afraid, and said to one another, “Who then is this, that even the wind and the sea obey him?”
Text: World English Bible, Public domain. About our sources