Mark 13
- Who wrote it
- Traditionally John Mark
- Who it was for
- Followers of Jesus, likely mostly Gentiles
- What was happening
- On the Mount of Olives, looking back at the temple and ahead to what's coming
What’s happening
As Jesus leaves the temple, a disciple says, "Teacher, see what kind of stones and what kind of buildings!" Jesus says, "Do you see these great buildings? There will not be left here one stone on another, which will not be thrown down." Later, on the Mount of Olives facing the temple, Peter, James, John, and Andrew ask privately when this will be and what the sign will be. He begins, "Be careful that no one leads you astray. Many will come in my name, saying, 'I am he,' and will lead many astray. When you hear of wars and rumors of wars, don't be troubled; those things must happen, but the end is not yet." Nations will rise against nations, there will be earthquakes and famines, "the beginning of birth pains." His followers will be handed over to councils, beaten in synagogues, and stand before governors and kings as a testimony; the gospel must first be preached to all the nations; and when they are arrested they are not to worry beforehand, for the Holy Spirit will speak. Brother will betray brother, and "you will be hated by all men for my name's sake, but he who endures to the end, the same will be saved." When they see "the abomination of desolation standing where it ought not" ("let the reader understand") those in Judea should flee to the mountains: there will be a time of tribulation "such as there has not been the like from the beginning of the creation." False christs and false prophets will give signs, but "I have told you everything beforehand." After that tribulation the sun will be darkened, the moon will not give its light, and stars will fall, and "they will see the Son of Man coming in clouds with great power and glory," gathering his elect from the four winds. He teaches the fig tree: when its branch becomes tender and leaves come out, summer is near, so when you see these things, he is near, at the doors. "Most certainly I tell you, this generation will not pass away until all these things happen. Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will not pass away." But of that day or hour no one knows, not the angels in heaven, nor the Son, but the Father. So "watch, keep alert, and pray": like a man going on a journey who leaves his servants in charge and tells the doorkeeper to watch, they must not be found sleeping. "What I tell you, I tell all: Watch."
Why the setting matters
Herod's temple was still being finished in Jesus' day, and its great white stones, some of them many tons in weight, were famous; the Romans destroyed it in AD 70, so "not one stone on another" speaks to something Mark's readers either feared or had seen. This chapter is often called the Olivet Discourse and is written in the style of Jewish apocalyptic literature, full of images from Daniel and the prophets for the shaking of the world. How it fits together is one of the most debated passages in the Gospels. Some read the first half as the destruction of Jerusalem and the later verses as the end of history; others read it all as the events of AD 70; others read it all as the end. "The abomination of desolation" comes from Daniel 9:27, 11:31, and 12:11, and Mark's "let the reader understand" and the masculine participle suggest he sees it as a person or an act, and what it refers to is debated. The saying about "this generation" and the saying that not even the Son knows the day are both well known for the questions they raise. The darkened sun and falling stars use language from Isaiah 13:10 and 34:4, and the Son of Man "coming in clouds" is from Daniel 7:13. The four watches (evening, midnight, cockcrow, morning) are the Roman divisions of the night and set up the next chapter, when the disciples can't stay awake.
Who’s in this chapter
Jesus
Teaches the four closest disciples about what is coming.
Simon Peter
Asks the question privately with the other three.
Andrew
One of the four who ask.
James
One of the four who ask.
John
One of the four who ask.
The disciples
Told to watch.
Talk it through
- The temple was the center of Israel's life. How would hearing that it will be torn down have felt to the disciples?
- Jesus keeps saying, "Don't be alarmed" and "watch." How are these meant to fit together?
- Jesus says not even the Son knows the day. What does that tell us about what we are meant to do with the future?
- Why might Mark have placed this teaching just before the passion story?
Read Mark 13
World English Bible
1As he went out of the temple, one of his disciples said to him, “Teacher, see what kind of stones and what kind of buildings!”
2Jesus said to him, “Do you see these great buildings? There will not be left here one stone on another, which will not be thrown down.”
3As he sat on the Mount of Olives opposite the temple, Peter, James, John, and Andrew asked him privately, 4“Tell us, when will these things be? What is the sign that these things are all about to be fulfilled?”
5Jesus, answering, began to tell them, “Be careful that no one leads you astray. 6For many will come in my name, saying, ‘I am he!’ and will lead many astray.
7“When you hear of wars and rumors of wars, don’t be troubled. For those must happen, but the end is not yet. 8For nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places. There will be famines and troubles. These things are the beginning of birth pains. 9But watch yourselves, for they will deliver you up to councils. You will be beaten in synagogues. You will stand before rulers and kings for my sake, for a testimony to them. 10The Good News must first be preached to all the nations. 11When they lead you away and deliver you up, don’t be anxious beforehand, or premeditate what you will say, but say whatever will be given you in that hour. For it is not you who speak, but the Holy Spirit.
12“Brother will deliver up brother to death, and the father his child. Children will rise up against parents, and cause them to be put to death. 13You will be hated by all men for my name’s sake, but he who endures to the end will be saved. 14But when you see the abomination of desolation, spoken of by Daniel the prophet, standing where it ought not” (let the reader understand), “then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains, 15and let him who is on the housetop not go down, nor enter in, to take anything out of his house. 16Let him who is in the field not return back to take his cloak. 17But woe to those who are with child and to those who nurse babies in those days! 18Pray that your flight won’t be in the winter. 19For in those days there will be oppression, such as there has not been the like from the beginning of the creation which God created until now, and never will be. 20Unless the Lord had shortened the days, no flesh would have been saved; but for the sake of the chosen ones, whom he picked out, he shortened the days. 21Then if anyone tells you, ‘Look, here is the Christ!’ or, ‘Look, there!’ don’t believe it. 22For there will arise false christs and false prophets, and will show signs and wonders, that they may lead astray, if possible, even the chosen ones. 23But you watch.
“Behold, I have told you all things beforehand. 24But in those days, after that oppression, the sun will be darkened, the moon will not give its light, 25the stars will be falling from the sky, and the powers that are in the heavens will be shaken. 26Then they will see the Son of Man coming in clouds with great power and glory. 27Then he will send out his angels, and will gather together his chosen ones from the four winds, from the ends of the earth to the ends of the sky.
28“Now from the fig tree, learn this parable. When the branch has now become tender, and produces its leaves, you know that the summer is near; 29even so you also, when you see these things coming to pass, know that it is near, at the doors. 30Most certainly I say to you, this generation will not pass away until all these things happen. 31Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will not pass away. 32But of that day or that hour no one knows, not even the angels in heaven, nor the Son, but only the Father. 33Watch, keep alert, and pray; for you don’t know when the time is.
34“It is like a man, traveling to another country, having left his house, and given authority to his servants, and to each one his work, and also commanded the doorkeeper to keep watch. 35Watch therefore, for you don’t know when the lord of the house is coming, whether at evening, or at midnight, or when the rooster crows, or in the morning; 36lest coming suddenly he might find you sleeping. 37What I tell you, I tell all: Watch.”
Text: World English Bible, Public domain. About our sources