Setting the scene
Who wrote it
Traditionally John Mark
Who it was for
Followers of Jesus, likely mostly Gentiles
What was happening
Back in Capernaum: four conflicts that begin the opposition
Read the full background in the book overview

What’s happening

When Jesus returns to Capernaum, so many gather at the house that there is no room even at the door. Four men carry a paralyzed man to him, and because they can't get through the crowd, they dig through the roof and lower him on his mat. Seeing their faith, Jesus says, "Son, your sins are forgiven." Some scribes think to themselves, "Why does this man speak blasphemies like this? Who can forgive sins but God alone?" Jesus knows what they are thinking and asks which is easier, to say "Your sins are forgiven" or "Get up, take your mat, and walk." "But that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins," he tells the man to get up, and the man walks out in front of everyone. They are amazed: "We never saw anything like this." By the sea, Jesus sees Levi the son of Alphaeus sitting at the tax booth and says, "Follow me"; Levi gets up and follows. Later many tax collectors and sinners are eating at table with Jesus and his disciples, and the scribes of the Pharisees ask the disciples why he eats with them. Jesus answers, "Those who are healthy have no need for a physician, but those who are sick. I came not to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance." When people ask why John's disciples and the Pharisees fast but his disciples do not, he says that wedding guests can't fast while the bridegroom is with them, though days will come when the bridegroom is taken away. No one sews new cloth on an old garment or puts new wine into old wineskins. On a Sabbath, as they pass through grain fields, his disciples begin picking heads of grain, and the Pharisees say it isn't lawful. Jesus reminds them what David did when he and his companions were hungry, entering the house of God "when Abiathar was high priest" and eating the consecrated bread, and says, "The Sabbath was made for man, not man for the Sabbath. Therefore the Son of Man is lord even of the Sabbath."

Why the setting matters

Capernaum houses often had flat roofs made of beams, branches, and packed clay, usually reached by an outside stair, which is how four men could dig through one. The scribes' charge of blasphemy rests on the idea that only God forgives sins. Levi is usually taken to be the same man the other Gospels call Matthew, though Mark doesn't say so. Tax collectors worked for Herod Antipas on trade routes and were seen as collaborators, and "sinners" here means people thought to live outside faithful observance, so sharing a meal with them signaled acceptance. Fasting was a regular devotion, and a wedding was a week of celebration when fasting would be out of place. Wineskins were animal hides that stretched as new wine fermented; old ones were brittle. Picking grain by hand from a field was allowed (Deuteronomy 23:25), so the dispute is about doing it on the Sabbath. Mark says Abiathar was high priest when David ate the bread; 1 Samuel 21 names his father Ahimelech, and how to read that detail is debated.

Read Mark 2 (World English Bible)

Who’s in this chapter

A paralyzed man

Carried by four friends and lowered through a roof.

The four friends

Dig through the roof and are credited with faith.

Scribes and Pharisees

Scribes who object to forgiveness, and Pharisees who object to the meal and the Sabbath.

Levi

A tax collector who leaves his booth to follow Jesus.

David

Cited as a precedent for eating the consecrated bread.

The disciples

Eat with sinners and pick grain on the Sabbath, and are defended by Jesus.

Talk it through

  1. The friends dig through a roof to reach Jesus, and he responds to "their faith." What do you notice in that?
  2. Jesus asks which is easier to say, "your sins are forgiven" or "get up and walk." What is he showing?
  3. Why might a meal with tax collectors and sinners upset people so much?
  4. "The Sabbath was made for man, not man for the Sabbath." What does Jesus say the Sabbath is for?

Read Mark 2

World English Bible

1When he entered again into Capernaum after some days, it was heard that he was in the house. 2Immediately many were gathered together, so that there was no more room, not even around the door; and he spoke the word to them. 3Four people came, carrying a paralytic to him. 4When they could not come near to him for the crowd, they removed the roof where he was. When they had broken it up, they let down the mat that the paralytic was lying on. 5Jesus, seeing their faith, said to the paralytic, “Son, your sins are forgiven you.”

6But there were some of the scribes sitting there, and reasoning in their hearts, 7“Why does this man speak blasphemies like that? Who can forgive sins but God alone?”

8Immediately Jesus, perceiving in his spirit that they so reasoned within themselves, said to them, “Why do you reason these things in your hearts? 9Which is easier, to tell the paralytic, ‘Your sins are forgiven;’ or to say, ‘Arise, and take up your bed, and walk?’ 10But that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins”—he said to the paralytic— 11“I tell you, arise, take up your mat, and go to your house.”

12He arose, and immediately took up the mat, and went out in front of them all; so that they were all amazed, and glorified God, saying, “We never saw anything like this!”

13He went out again by the seaside. All the multitude came to him, and he taught them. 14As he passed by, he saw Levi, the son of Alphaeus, sitting at the tax office, and he said to him, “Follow me.” And he arose and followed him.

15He was reclining at the table in his house, and many tax collectors and sinners sat down with Jesus and his disciples, for there were many, and they followed him. 16The scribes and the Pharisees, when they saw that he was eating with the sinners and tax collectors, said to his disciples, “Why is it that he eats and drinks with tax collectors and sinners?”

17When Jesus heard it, he said to them, “Those who are healthy have no need for a physician, but those who are sick. I came not to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance.”

18John’s disciples and the Pharisees were fasting, and they came and asked him, “Why do John’s disciples and the disciples of the Pharisees fast, but your disciples don’t fast?”

19Jesus said to them, “Can the groomsmen fast while the bridegroom is with them? As long as they have the bridegroom with them, they can’t fast. 20But the days will come when the bridegroom will be taken away from them, and then they will fast in that day. 21No one sews a piece of unshrunk cloth on an old garment, or else the patch shrinks and the new tears away from the old, and a worse hole is made. 22No one puts new wine into old wineskins, or else the new wine will burst the skins, and the wine pours out, and the skins will be destroyed; but they put new wine into fresh wineskins.”

23He was going on the Sabbath day through the grain fields, and his disciples began, as they went, to pluck the ears of grain. 24The Pharisees said to him, “Behold, why do they do that which is not lawful on the Sabbath day?”

25He said to them, “Did you never read what David did, when he had need, and was hungry—he, and those who were with him? 26How he entered into God’s house at the time of Abiathar the high priest, and ate the show bread, which is not lawful to eat except for the priests, and gave also to those who were with him?” 27He said to them, “The Sabbath was made for man, not man for the Sabbath. 28Therefore the Son of Man is lord even of the Sabbath.”

Text: World English Bible, Public domain. About our sources