Setting the scene
Who wrote it
Traditionally John Mark
Who it was for
Followers of Jesus, likely mostly Gentiles
What was happening
Arguments about clean and unclean, then Gentile territory and a deaf man
Read the full background in the book overview

What’s happening

Pharisees and scribes from Jerusalem notice that some of the disciples eat with unwashed hands. Mark explains that the Pharisees and all the Jews do not eat unless they wash their hands carefully, holding to "the tradition of the elders," and that they also wash cups, pots, and bronze vessels. They ask Jesus why his disciples don't follow it. He answers with Isaiah: "This people honors me with their lips, but their heart is far from me," and says they set aside the commandment of God to hold the tradition of men. His example is Corban: someone says that what might have supported his parents is "given to God," and so is excused from helping them, which makes void the word of God. Calling the crowd, he says, "There is nothing from outside of the man, that going into him can defile him; but the things which proceed out of the man are those that defile the man." In the house the disciples ask what he means, and he asks, "Are you also without understanding?" Food goes into the stomach and out, and so, Mark adds, "he declared all foods clean." What defiles is what comes out of the heart: evil thoughts, sexual sin, theft, murder, adultery, greed, deceit, envy, pride, foolishness. Jesus then goes to the region of Tyre and enters a house, wanting to be unnoticed. A Greek woman, a Syrophoenician by birth, whose little daughter has an unclean spirit, comes and falls at his feet. He says, "Let the children be fed first, for it is not appropriate to take the children's bread and throw it to the dogs." She answers, "Yes, Lord, but even the dogs under the table eat the children's crumbs." He says, "For this saying, go your way; the demon has gone out of your daughter," and she finds the child lying on the bed, the demon gone. Then he travels through Sidon to the Sea of Galilee within the Decapolis, where people bring a deaf man with a speech impediment. Jesus takes him aside, puts his fingers in his ears, spits and touches his tongue, looks up to heaven, sighs, and says, "Ephphatha," "Be opened." The man hears and speaks plainly. Jesus orders silence, but the more he does, the more they proclaim it: "He has done all things well. He makes even the deaf hear, and the mute speak."

Why the setting matters

The "tradition of the elders" is the body of oral teaching, later gathered in the Mishnah, that tried to apply the Torah's rules about purity to everyday life; the Pharisees were especially committed to it. The Torah itself required handwashing only for priests (Exodus 30:17-21), so this was an extension. Mark explains it for readers who didn't know, which suggests a mostly Gentile audience. "Corban" is an Aramaic or Hebrew word for a gift dedicated to God; a vow of this kind could keep property from being used for others, even needy parents, which cut against the commandment to honor father and mother. Mark's remark that Jesus "declared all foods clean" would have been striking for Jews who kept Leviticus 11 and for the early church's later arguments (see Acts 10 and Romans 14). Tyre and Sidon are Phoenician coastal cities, Gentile territory; Tyre was prosperous and grain from Galilee fed it, so the woman's Gentile family had ties to Jewish farmland. "Dogs" here is a diminutive, often taken as household dogs, but a hard saying, and how to read Jesus' tone is debated. The woman speaks as an equal and wins her point. The deaf man is in the Decapolis, again Gentile territory; the details of touch and spit and Aramaic "Ephphatha" are some of the most physical in Mark. "He makes even the deaf hear" echoes Isaiah 35:5-6.

Read Mark 7 (World English Bible)

Who’s in this chapter

Jesus

Teaches that what defiles comes from the heart, and goes into Gentile territory.

Scribes and Pharisees

Pharisees and scribes who came from Jerusalem to question him.

The disciples

Ask him what the saying means.

The Syrophoenician woman

A Greek woman from Tyre who asks for her daughter's healing.

The deaf man

Brought by friends; healed and given speech.

Talk it through

  1. Jesus says the tradition of men has been put in place of God's commandment. How can a good practice drift into that?
  2. Mark states, "he declared all foods clean," as an aside. Why might he have wanted readers to notice that?
  3. The Syrophoenician woman answers Jesus and he praises her answer. What makes it a good one?
  4. Jesus takes the deaf man aside from the crowd. Why might he heal in private, and in a physical way?

Read Mark 7

World English Bible

1Then the Pharisees and some of the scribes gathered together to him, having come from Jerusalem. 2Now when they saw some of his disciples eating bread with defiled, that is unwashed, hands, they found fault. 3(For the Pharisees and all the Jews don’t eat unless they wash their hands and forearms, holding to the tradition of the elders. 4They don’t eat when they come from the marketplace unless they bathe themselves, and there are many other things, which they have received to hold to: washings of cups, pitchers, bronze vessels, and couches.) 5The Pharisees and the scribes asked him, “Why don’t your disciples walk according to the tradition of the elders, but eat their bread with unwashed hands?”

6He answered them, “Well did Isaiah prophesy of you hypocrites, as it is written,

‘This people honors me with their lips, but their heart is far from me. 7But they worship me in vain, teaching as doctrines the commandments of men.’

8“For you set aside the commandment of God, and hold tightly to the tradition of men—the washing of pitchers and cups, and you do many other such things.” 9He said to them, “Full well do you reject the commandment of God, that you may keep your tradition. 10For Moses said, ‘Honor your father and your mother;’ and, ‘He who speaks evil of father or mother, let him be put to death.’ 11But you say, ‘If a man tells his father or his mother, “Whatever profit you might have received from me is Corban,” ’ ” that is to say, given to God, 12“then you no longer allow him to do anything for his father or his mother, 13making void the word of God by your tradition, which you have handed down. You do many things like this.”

14He called all the multitude to himself, and said to them, “Hear me, all of you, and understand. 15There is nothing from outside of the man, that going into him can defile him; but the things which proceed out of the man are those that defile the man. 16If anyone has ears to hear, let him hear!”

17When he had entered into a house away from the multitude, his disciples asked him about the parable. 18He said to them, “Are you also without understanding? Don’t you perceive that whatever goes into the man from outside can’t defile him, 19because it doesn’t go into his heart, but into his stomach, then into the latrine, making all foods clean?” 20He said, “That which proceeds out of the man, that defiles the man. 21For from within, out of the hearts of men, proceed evil thoughts, adulteries, sexual sins, murders, thefts, 22covetings, wickedness, deceit, lustful desires, an evil eye, blasphemy, pride, and foolishness. 23All these evil things come from within, and defile the man.”

24From there he arose, and went away into the borders of Tyre and Sidon. He entered into a house, and didn’t want anyone to know it, but he couldn’t escape notice. 25For a woman, whose little daughter had an unclean spirit, having heard of him, came and fell down at his feet. 26Now the woman was a Greek, a Syrophoenician by race. She begged him that he would cast the demon out of her daughter. 27But Jesus said to her, “Let the children be filled first, for it is not appropriate to take the children’s bread and throw it to the dogs.”

28But she answered him, “Yes, Lord. Yet even the dogs under the table eat the children’s crumbs.”

29He said to her, “For this saying, go your way. The demon has gone out of your daughter.”

30She went away to her house, and found the child having been laid on the bed, with the demon gone out.

31Again he departed from the borders of Tyre and Sidon, and came to the sea of Galilee, through the middle of the region of Decapolis. 32They brought to him one who was deaf and had an impediment in his speech. They begged him to lay his hand on him. 33He took him aside from the multitude, privately, and put his fingers into his ears, and he spat, and touched his tongue. 34Looking up to heaven, he sighed, and said to him, “Ephphatha!” that is, “Be opened!” 35Immediately his ears were opened, and the impediment of his tongue was released, and he spoke clearly. 36He commanded them that they should tell no one, but the more he commanded them, so much the more widely they proclaimed it. 37They were astonished beyond measure, saying, “He has done all things well. He makes even the deaf hear, and the mute speak!”

Text: World English Bible, Public domain. About our sources