Setting the scene
Who wrote it
Traditionally John Mark
Who it was for
Followers of Jesus, likely mostly Gentiles
What was happening
On the mountain with three disciples, and at the foot of it
Read the full background in the book overview

What’s happening

Six days later Jesus takes Peter, James, and John up a high mountain by themselves, and he is transfigured before them: his clothes become glistening, intensely white, as no launderer could make them. Elijah and Moses appear, talking with him. Peter says, "Rabbi, it is good for us to be here. Let's make three tents," and Mark adds that he didn't know what to say, for they were very afraid. A cloud overshadows them, and a voice says, "This is my beloved Son. Listen to him." Suddenly they see only Jesus. As they come down he tells them not to tell anyone until the Son of Man has risen from the dead, and they wonder what "rising" means. They ask about Elijah coming first, and he says Elijah has come, and they did to him whatever they wanted. At the foot of the mountain a crowd surrounds the disciples, and scribes are arguing with them. A father has brought his son, who has a spirit that makes him mute, throws him down, and makes him foam and grind his teeth. The disciples couldn't drive it out. "Unbelieving generation, how long shall I be with you?" Jesus says. The father says, "If you can do anything, have compassion on us and help us." "If you can? All things are possible to him who believes." The father cries out, "I believe. Help my unbelief!" Jesus rebukes the spirit, it comes out with a shriek, and the boy lies like a corpse until Jesus takes his hand and lifts him up. Later in private the disciples ask why they could not, and he says, "This kind can come out by nothing, except by prayer." Passing through Galilee, Jesus again says the Son of Man will be handed over, killed, and rise after three days, but they don't understand and are afraid to ask. In Capernaum he asks what they were discussing on the road; they were silent, since they had argued about who was greatest. He sits and says, "If anyone wants to be first, he must be last of all, and servant of all," and sets a child among them. John says they stopped someone casting out demons in Jesus' name, and Jesus says, "He who is not against us is on our side." He warns against causing little ones to stumble, speaks of cutting off a hand or foot, and ends: "Have salt in yourselves, and be at peace with one another."

Why the setting matters

Mark doesn't name the mountain; Tabor is the traditional guess, but Hermon is closer to Caesarea Philippi, where Peter's confession took place, and the question is open. Moses and Elijah both met God on a mountain, and both stand for the Law and the Prophets. The "tents" may recall the Feast of Tabernacles, though what Mark means by Peter's words is not explained. The overshadowing cloud and the voice recall Sinai (Exodus 24:15-18) and echo what was said at Jesus' baptism (1:11), with the added command "Listen to him." Jesus' answer about Elijah points to John the Baptist (Malachi 4:5-6). In the ancient world children had very little status, so welcoming one is a deliberate reversal. Gehenna is the valley of Hinnom south of Jerusalem, where children were once sacrificed (Jeremiah 7:31) and which became an image of judgment; the claim that it was a burning rubbish dump in Jesus' day has little early evidence. "Their worm does not die" quotes Isaiah 66:24. Cutting off a hand is hyperbole. The disciples' arguing about greatness comes right after Jesus has told them he will be killed, which is Mark's way of showing how little they understand.

Read Mark 9 (World English Bible)

Who’s in this chapter

Jesus

Shown in glory, then back down among the sick and the argument.

Simon Peter

Speaks without knowing what to say.

James

One of the three on the mountain.

John

One of the three, and the one who reports the stranger casting out demons.

Elijah

Appears with Moses, and stands behind the question about who comes first.

Moses

Appears with Elijah; the Law with the Prophets.

The boy

Thrown down by the spirit and lifted up by Jesus.

His father

Asks for help and admits his unbelief.

The disciples

Unable to heal, and arguing about who is greatest.

Talk it through

  1. The voice says, "Listen to him," right before Jesus tells them about suffering. What do the three disciples need to hear?
  2. The father says, "I believe. Help my unbelief." What does Jesus do with a prayer like that?
  3. The disciples argue about greatness right after hearing Jesus talk about dying. What does that tell you about how they heard him?
  4. Jesus says the one who is not against them is for them. How does that fit with what he says elsewhere about being with him or against him?

Read Mark 9

World English Bible

1He said to them, “Most certainly I tell you, there are some standing here who will in no way taste death until they see God’s Kingdom come with power.”

2After six days Jesus took with him Peter, James, and John, and brought them up onto a high mountain privately by themselves, and he was changed into another form in front of them. 3His clothing became glistening, exceedingly white, like snow, such as no launderer on earth can whiten them. 4Elijah and Moses appeared to them, and they were talking with Jesus.

5Peter answered Jesus, “Rabbi, it is good for us to be here. Let’s make three tents: one for you, one for Moses, and one for Elijah.” 6For he didn’t know what to say, for they were very afraid.

7A cloud came, overshadowing them, and a voice came out of the cloud, “This is my beloved Son. Listen to him.”

8Suddenly looking around, they saw no one with them any more, except Jesus only.

9As they were coming down from the mountain, he commanded them that they should tell no one what things they had seen, until after the Son of Man had risen from the dead. 10They kept this saying to themselves, questioning what the “rising from the dead” meant.

11They asked him, saying, “Why do the scribes say that Elijah must come first?”

12He said to them, “Elijah indeed comes first, and restores all things. How is it written about the Son of Man, that he should suffer many things and be despised? 13But I tell you that Elijah has come, and they have also done to him whatever they wanted to, even as it is written about him.”

14Coming to the disciples, he saw a great multitude around them, and scribes questioning them. 15Immediately all the multitude, when they saw him, were greatly amazed, and running to him, greeted him. 16He asked the scribes, “What are you asking them?”

17One of the multitude answered, “Teacher, I brought to you my son, who has a mute spirit; 18and wherever it seizes him, it throws him down, and he foams at the mouth, and grinds his teeth, and wastes away. I asked your disciples to cast it out, and they weren’t able.”

19He answered him, “Unbelieving generation, how long shall I be with you? How long shall I bear with you? Bring him to me.”

20They brought him to him, and when he saw him, immediately the spirit convulsed him, and he fell on the ground, wallowing and foaming at the mouth.

21He asked his father, “How long has it been since this has come to him?”

He said, “From childhood. 22Often it has cast him both into the fire and into the water to destroy him. But if you can do anything, have compassion on us, and help us.”

23Jesus said to him, “If you can believe, all things are possible to him who believes.”

24Immediately the father of the child cried out with tears, “I believe. Help my unbelief!”

25When Jesus saw that a multitude came running together, he rebuked the unclean spirit, saying to him, “You mute and deaf spirit, I command you, come out of him, and never enter him again!”

26After crying out and convulsing him greatly, it came out of him. The boy became like one dead, so much that most of them said, “He is dead.” 27But Jesus took him by the hand, and raised him up; and he arose.

28When he had come into the house, his disciples asked him privately, “Why couldn’t we cast it out?” 29He said to them, “This kind can come out by nothing, except by prayer and fasting.”

30They went out from there, and passed through Galilee. He didn’t want anyone to know it. 31For he was teaching his disciples, and said to them, “The Son of Man is being handed over to the hands of men, and they will kill him; and when he is killed, on the third day he will rise again.”

32But they didn’t understand the saying, and were afraid to ask him.

33He came to Capernaum, and when he was in the house he asked them, “What were you arguing among yourselves on the way?”

34But they were silent, for they had disputed with one another on the way about who was the greatest.

35He sat down, and called the twelve; and he said to them, “If any man wants to be first, he shall be last of all, and servant of all.” 36He took a little child, and set him in the middle of them. Taking him in his arms, he said to them, 37“Whoever receives one such little child in my name, receives me, and whoever receives me, doesn’t receive me, but him who sent me.”

38John said to him, “Teacher, we saw someone who doesn’t follow us casting out demons in your name; and we forbade him, because he doesn’t follow us.”

39But Jesus said, “Don’t forbid him, for there is no one who will do a mighty work in my name, and be able quickly to speak evil of me. 40For whoever is not against us is on our side. 41For whoever will give you a cup of water to drink in my name, because you are Christ’s, most certainly I tell you, he will in no way lose his reward. 42Whoever will cause one of these little ones who believe in me to stumble, it would be better for him if he were thrown into the sea with a millstone hung around his neck. 43If your hand causes you to stumble, cut it off. It is better for you to enter into life maimed, rather than having your two hands to go into Gehenna, into the unquenchable fire, 44‘where their worm doesn’t die, and the fire is not quenched.’ 45If your foot causes you to stumble, cut it off. It is better for you to enter into life lame, rather than having your two feet to be cast into Gehenna, into the fire that will never be quenched— 46‘where their worm doesn’t die, and the fire is not quenched.’ 47If your eye causes you to stumble, cast it out. It is better for you to enter into God’s Kingdom with one eye, rather than having two eyes to be cast into the Gehenna of fire, 48‘where their worm doesn’t die, and the fire is not quenched.’ 49For everyone will be salted with fire, and every sacrifice will be seasoned with salt. 50Salt is good, but if the salt has lost its saltiness, with what will you season it? Have salt in yourselves, and be at peace with one another.”

Text: World English Bible, Public domain. About our sources