Mark 11
- Who wrote it
- Traditionally John Mark
- Who it was for
- Followers of Jesus, likely mostly Gentiles
- What was happening
- Entering Jerusalem, the fig tree, and the temple
What’s happening
As they approach Jerusalem, at Bethphage and Bethany near the Mount of Olives, Jesus sends two disciples to a village for a colt on which no one has sat. If asked, they are to say, "The Lord needs it." They find it as he said, put their cloaks on it, and he sits on it. Many spread cloaks on the road, and others spread leafy branches, shouting, "Hosanna! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord! Blessed is the kingdom of our father David that comes in the name of the Lord! Hosanna in the highest!" He enters Jerusalem and goes into the temple, looks around at everything, and, since it is already late, goes out to Bethany with the twelve. The next day, hungry, he sees a fig tree in leaf and goes to see if it has fruit; it has only leaves, "for it was not the season for figs." He says, "May no one ever eat fruit from you again," and the disciples hear it. In the temple he begins to drive out those who sell and buy, overturns the tables of the money changers and the seats of those selling doves, and does not allow anyone to carry a vessel through the temple. He teaches: "Isn't it written, 'My house will be called a house of prayer for all the nations'? But you have made it a den of robbers." The chief priests and scribes hear and seek how to destroy him, for they fear him, since the crowd is astonished at his teaching. At evening they go out of the city. In the morning, passing the fig tree, they see it withered from the roots. Peter says, "Rabbi, look! The fig tree which you cursed has withered away." Jesus says, "Have faith in God. For most certainly I tell you, whoever may tell this mountain, 'Be taken up and cast into the sea,' and doesn't doubt in his heart, but believes that what he says is happening; he shall have whatever he says." He adds that when they stand praying they should forgive anyone they have anything against, so that their Father in heaven may forgive them. Back in the temple the chief priests, scribes, and elders ask, "By what authority do you do these things?" He asks them a question: "Was the baptism of John from heaven or from men?" They reason that if they say from heaven he will say why didn't they believe him, and if from men they fear the people. They say, "We don't know." He says, "Neither will I tell you by what authority I do these things."
Why the setting matters
The Mount of Olives, east of Jerusalem across the Kidron valley, was tied in Jewish hope to the arrival of the Lord (Zechariah 14:4). A colt that no one had ridden suits a sacred purpose (compare Numbers 19:2), and a king riding a donkey, not a war horse, echoes Zechariah 9:9, though Mark doesn't quote it. "Hosanna" is a Hebrew cry meaning "save, please," from Psalm 118:25-26, which pilgrims used at the festivals. Mark's "kingdom of our father David" is the crowd's own phrase. Mark stacks the fig tree around the temple scene: he tells one story, goes into another, and finishes the first, a way of making the two interpret each other. The remark that it was "not the season for figs" is puzzling and is explained in different ways; the withered fig tree is widely read as a sign of judgment on a temple that was not producing fruit. The sellers and money changers served pilgrims (animals for sacrifice, temple-tax coins) in the outer court, the Court of the Gentiles, which was meant for all nations to pray. "Den of robbers" quotes Jeremiah 7:11, where Jeremiah condemned people who trusted in the temple while doing injustice. The "mountain" to be thrown into the sea may mean the temple mount, but this is debated. The authority question comes from the three groups that made up the Sanhedrin.
Who’s in this chapter
Jesus
Enters Jerusalem on a colt, goes into the temple, and curses the fig tree.
The crowds
Spread cloaks and branches and shout from Psalm 118.
The disciples
Fetch the colt, hear him curse the fig tree, and see it withered.
Simon Peter
Notices the withered tree.
The chief priests
Hear him and look for a way to destroy him.
Scribes and Pharisees
Scribes and elders who ask by what authority he acts.
John the Baptist
His baptism is the trap in Jesus' counter-question.
Talk it through
- The crowd shouts about "the kingdom of our father David," and Jesus rides a colt. What kind of kingdom is being shown?
- Mark wraps the temple scene in a fig tree story. What might the one say about the other?
- Jesus quotes both Isaiah ("for all the nations") and Jeremiah ("den of robbers"). What is he accusing the temple of?
- Why do the leaders refuse to answer about John? What does that reveal?
Read Mark 11
World English Bible
1When they came near to Jerusalem, to Bethsphage and Bethany, at the Mount of Olives, he sent two of his disciples, 2and said to them, “Go your way into the village that is opposite you. Immediately as you enter into it, you will find a young donkey tied, on which no one has sat. Untie him, and bring him. 3If anyone asks you, ‘Why are you doing this?’ say, ‘The Lord needs him;’ and immediately he will send him back here.”
4They went away, and found a young donkey tied at the door outside in the open street, and they untied him. 5Some of those who stood there asked them, “What are you doing, untying the young donkey?” 6They said to them just as Jesus had said, and they let them go.
7They brought the young donkey to Jesus, and threw their garments on it, and Jesus sat on it. 8Many spread their garments on the way, and others were cutting down branches from the trees, and spreading them on the road. 9Those who went in front, and those who followed, cried out, “Hosanna! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord! 10Blessed is the kingdom of our father David that is coming in the name of the Lord! Hosanna in the highest!”
11Jesus entered into the temple in Jerusalem. When he had looked around at everything, it being now evening, he went out to Bethany with the twelve.
12The next day, when they had come out from Bethany, he was hungry. 13Seeing a fig tree afar off having leaves, he came to see if perhaps he might find anything on it. When he came to it, he found nothing but leaves, for it was not the season for figs. 14Jesus told it, “May no one ever eat fruit from you again!” and his disciples heard it.
15They came to Jerusalem, and Jesus entered into the temple, and began to throw out those who sold and those who bought in the temple, and overthrew the money changers’ tables, and the seats of those who sold the doves. 16He would not allow anyone to carry a container through the temple. 17He taught, saying to them, “Isn’t it written, ‘My house will be called a house of prayer for all the nations?’ But you have made it a den of robbers!”
18The chief priests and the scribes heard it, and sought how they might destroy him. For they feared him, because all the multitude was astonished at his teaching.
19When evening came, he went out of the city. 20As they passed by in the morning, they saw the fig tree withered away from the roots. 21Peter, remembering, said to him, “Rabbi, look! The fig tree which you cursed has withered away.”
22Jesus answered them, “Have faith in God. 23For most certainly I tell you, whoever may tell this mountain, ‘Be taken up and cast into the sea,’ and doesn’t doubt in his heart, but believes that what he says is happening; he shall have whatever he says. 24Therefore I tell you, all things whatever you pray and ask for, believe that you have received them, and you shall have them. 25Whenever you stand praying, forgive, if you have anything against anyone; so that your Father, who is in heaven, may also forgive you your transgressions. 26But if you do not forgive, neither will your Father in heaven forgive your transgressions.”
27They came again to Jerusalem, and as he was walking in the temple, the chief priests, the scribes, and the elders came to him, 28and they began saying to him, “By what authority do you do these things? Or who gave you this authority to do these things?”
29Jesus said to them, “I will ask you one question. Answer me, and I will tell you by what authority I do these things. 30The baptism of John—was it from heaven, or from men? Answer me.”
31They reasoned with themselves, saying, “If we should say, ‘From heaven;’ he will say, ‘Why then did you not believe him?’ 32If we should say, ‘From men’ ”—they feared the people, for all held John to really be a prophet. 33They answered Jesus, “We don’t know.”
Jesus said to them, “Neither do I tell you by what authority I do these things.”
Text: World English Bible, Public domain. About our sources