Acts 8
- Who wrote it
- Traditionally Luke, a doctor and companion of Paul
- Who it was for
- Theophilus and other followers of Jesus
- What was happening
- Persecution scatters the church, Philip in Samaria, and an Ethiopian on the Gaza road
What’s happening
Saul approves of Stephen's death. That day a great persecution begins against the church in Jerusalem, and all except the apostles are scattered throughout Judea and Samaria. Devout men bury Stephen and mourn deeply for him. Saul ravages the church, entering house after house, dragging off men and women and committing them to prison. Those who are scattered go from place to place preaching the word. Philip goes down to the city of Samaria and proclaims the Christ to them. The crowds pay attention to what he says, hearing and seeing the signs he does, for unclean spirits come out of many and many who are paralyzed or lame are healed, so there is much joy in that city. A man named Simon has practiced magic there and amazed the Samaritan people, saying he is someone great: "This man is the great power of God." But when they believe Philip as he preaches good news about the Kingdom of God and the name of Jesus Christ, both men and women are baptized, and Simon himself believes and is baptized, and stays close to Philip. When the apostles at Jerusalem hear that Samaria has received the word of God, they send Peter and John, who pray for them to receive the Holy Spirit, for it has not yet fallen on any of them; they have only been baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus. Then they lay their hands on them, and they receive the Holy Spirit. Simon, seeing that through the laying on of the apostles' hands the Spirit is given, offers them money: "Give me also this power." Peter says, "May your silver perish with you, because you thought that you could obtain the gift of God with money! You have neither part nor lot in this matter, for your heart isn't right before God. Repent therefore of this, your wickedness, and ask God if perhaps the thought of your heart may be forgiven you. For I see that you are in the gall of bitterness and in the bondage of iniquity." Simon answers, "Pray for me to the Lord, that none of the things which you have spoken come on me." Peter and John, having testified and spoken the word of the Lord, return to Jerusalem, preaching the good news to many villages of the Samaritans. An angel of the Lord says to Philip, "Arise, and go toward the south to the way that goes down from Jerusalem to Gaza. This is a desert." He arises and goes, and behold, a eunuch of Ethiopia, a court official of Candace, queen of the Ethiopians, who is in charge of all her treasure, has come to Jerusalem to worship and is returning, sitting in his chariot and reading the prophet Isaiah. The Spirit says to Philip, "Go near, and join yourself to this chariot." Philip runs and hears him reading Isaiah: "Do you understand what you are reading?" "How can I, unless someone explains it to me?" The passage is Isaiah 53:7-8: "He was led as a sheep to the slaughter ... In his humiliation his judgment was taken away." The eunuch asks, "Of whom does the prophet say this? Of himself, or of someone else?" Philip opens his mouth, and beginning from this Scripture preaches to him Jesus. As they go along the road, they come to some water, and the eunuch says, "Behold, here is water. What is keeping me from being baptized?" He commands the chariot to stop, and they both go down into the water, Philip and the eunuch, and Philip baptizes him. When they come up out of the water, the Spirit of the Lord snatches Philip away, and the eunuch sees him no more, but goes on his way rejoicing. Philip is found at Azotus, and passing through he preaches the good news to all the cities until he comes to Caesarea.
Why the setting matters
The persecution that follows Stephen's death scatters the church just as Jesus said in 1:8: first Judea and Samaria. The apostles stay in Jerusalem. Philip is one of the seven of chapter 6, and he takes the message to the Samaritans, who were despised by many Jews; the fact that the Spirit comes only when Peter and John arrive has been explained as a way to show the Jerusalem church approved of the Samaritan mission, but the sequence is debated. Simon is the figure who gave his name to "simony," the buying of church office; Peter's reaction is stern, and whether Simon was truly converted is left open. The Ethiopian is from Nubia (Kush, south of Egypt); "Candace" was the title of the queens there. A eunuch was excluded from the temple assembly by Deuteronomy 23:1, but Isaiah 56:3-5 promises that eunuchs who keep God's covenant will have a place, and this story is a case in point; he is the first of the "ends of the earth" in Luke's map. The passage he is reading is Isaiah 53, the song of the suffering servant. The road to Gaza described as "desert" may refer to the road or the old city of Gaza, which was destroyed; debated. Some manuscripts add verse 37, a confession of faith before baptism; most scholars think it was a later addition. Azotus is the old Ashdod, and Caesarea is where Philip next appears (21:8).
Who’s in this chapter
Saul
Approves of Stephen's death and ravages the church.
Philip
Takes the gospel to Samaria and to an Ethiopian official.
Simon the magician
Believes, and then tries to buy the Spirit.
Simon Peter
Comes with John to Samaria and rebukes Simon.
John
Comes with Peter.
The Samaritans
Believe, are baptized, and receive the Spirit.
The Ethiopian eunuch
A royal treasurer reading Isaiah on the road, baptized by Philip.
Candace
The queen of Ethiopia whom the eunuch serves.
Talk it through
- The persecution scatters the church, and the scattered preach. What is Luke saying about how the word spreads?
- Simon tries to buy God's gift. What is he missing about it?
- The eunuch was a foreigner and excluded from the temple's inner life. What does it mean that he is the first to be baptized on the "ends of the earth" road?
- Philip begins "from this Scripture" and tells him about Jesus. What does that say about how to read Isaiah 53?
Read Acts 8
World English Bible
1Saul was consenting to his death. A great persecution arose against the assembly which was in Jerusalem in that day. They were all scattered abroad throughout the regions of Judea and Samaria, except for the apostles. 2Devout men buried Stephen and lamented greatly over him. 3But Saul ravaged the assembly, entering into every house and dragged both men and women off to prison. 4Therefore those who were scattered abroad went around preaching the word. 5Philip went down to the city of Samaria, and proclaimed to them the Christ. 6The multitudes listened with one accord to the things that were spoken by Philip when they heard and saw the signs which he did. 7For unclean spirits came out of many of those who had them. They came out, crying with a loud voice. Many who had been paralyzed and lame were healed. 8There was great joy in that city.
9But there was a certain man, Simon by name, who used to practice sorcery in the city and amazed the people of Samaria, making himself out to be some great one, 10to whom they all listened, from the least to the greatest, saying, “This man is that great power of God.” 11They listened to him, because for a long time he had amazed them with his sorceries. 12But when they believed Philip preaching good news concerning God’s Kingdom and the name of Jesus Christ, they were baptized, both men and women. 13Simon himself also believed. Being baptized, he continued with Philip. Seeing signs and great miracles occurring, he was amazed.
14Now when the apostles who were at Jerusalem heard that Samaria had received the word of God, they sent Peter and John to them, 15who, when they had come down, prayed for them, that they might receive the Holy Spirit; 16for as yet he had fallen on none of them. They had only been baptized in the name of Christ Jesus. 17Then they laid their hands on them, and they received the Holy Spirit. 18Now when Simon saw that the Holy Spirit was given through the laying on of the apostles’ hands, he offered them money, 19saying, “Give me also this power, that whomever I lay my hands on may receive the Holy Spirit.” 20But Peter said to him, “May your silver perish with you, because you thought you could obtain the gift of God with money! 21You have neither part nor lot in this matter, for your heart isn’t right before God. 22Repent therefore of this, your wickedness, and ask God if perhaps the thought of your heart may be forgiven you. 23For I see that you are in the poison of bitterness and in the bondage of iniquity.”
24Simon answered, “Pray for me to the Lord, that none of the things which you have spoken happen to me.”
25They therefore, when they had testified and spoken the word of the Lord, returned to Jerusalem, and preached the Good News to many villages of the Samaritans. 26But an angel of the Lord spoke to Philip, saying, “Arise, and go toward the south to the way that goes down from Jerusalem to Gaza. This is a desert.”
27He arose and went; and behold, there was a man of Ethiopia, a eunuch of great authority under Candace, queen of the Ethiopians, who was over all her treasure, who had come to Jerusalem to worship. 28He was returning and sitting in his chariot, and was reading the prophet Isaiah.
29The Spirit said to Philip, “Go near, and join yourself to this chariot.”
30Philip ran to him, and heard him reading Isaiah the prophet, and said, “Do you understand what you are reading?”
31He said, “How can I, unless someone explains it to me?” He begged Philip to come up and sit with him. 32Now the passage of the Scripture which he was reading was this,
“He was led as a sheep to the slaughter. As a lamb before his shearer is silent, so he doesn’t open his mouth. 33In his humiliation, his judgment was taken away. Who will declare His generation? For his life is taken from the earth.”
34The eunuch answered Philip, “Who is the prophet talking about? About himself, or about someone else?”
35Philip opened his mouth, and beginning from this Scripture, preached to him about Jesus. 36As they went on the way, they came to some water, and the eunuch said, “Behold, here is water. What is keeping me from being baptized?”
38He commanded the chariot to stand still, and they both went down into the water, both Philip and the eunuch, and he baptized him.
39When they came up out of the water, the Spirit of the Lord caught Philip away, and the eunuch didn’t see him any more, for he went on his way rejoicing. 40But Philip was found at Azotus. Passing through, he preached the Good News to all the cities, until he came to Caesarea.
Text: World English Bible, Public domain. About our sources