Acts 15
- Who wrote it
- Traditionally Luke, a doctor and companion of Paul
- Who it was for
- Theophilus and other followers of Jesus
- What was happening
- The Jerusalem council decides what Gentile believers must do, and Paul and Barnabas part ways
What’s happening
Some men come down from Judea and teach the brothers, "Unless you are circumcised after the custom of Moses, you can't be saved." Paul and Barnabas have no small dissension and discussion with them, and the church appoints them and some others to go up to Jerusalem about this question. On the way they report the conversion of the Gentiles, which brings great joy to all the brothers. At Jerusalem they are received by the church, the apostles, and the elders, and tell all that God has done with them. But some of the Pharisees who believe rise up: "It is necessary to circumcise them, and to command them to keep the law of Moses." The apostles and elders meet to consider the matter. After much discussion, Peter stands up: "Brothers, you know that a good while ago God made a choice among you, that by my mouth the Gentiles should hear the word of the gospel, and believe. God, who knows the heart, testified about them, giving them the Holy Spirit, just like he did to us; and he made no distinction between us and them, cleansing their hearts by faith. Now therefore why do you tempt God, that you should put a yoke on the neck of the disciples which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear? But we believe that we are saved through the grace of the Lord Jesus, just as they are." All the multitude keep silence, and listen to Barnabas and Paul reporting what signs and wonders God had done among the Gentiles through them. After they have finished, James answers, "Brothers, listen to me. Simeon has reported how God first visited the Gentiles, to take out of them a people for his name. This agrees with the words of the prophets," and he cites Amos 9:11-12 about rebuilding David's fallen tent so that the rest of mankind may seek the Lord. "Therefore my judgment is that we don't trouble those from among the Gentiles who turn to God, but that we write to them that they abstain from the pollution of idols, from sexual immorality, from what is strangled, and from blood. For Moses from generations of old has in every city those who preach him, being read in the synagogues every Sabbath." Then it seems good to the apostles and elders, with the whole church, to choose men from among them and send them to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas: Judas called Barsabbas and Silas, chief men among the brothers. They write: "For it seemed good to the Holy Spirit, and to us, to lay no greater burden on you than these necessary things: that you abstain from things sacrificed to idols, from blood, from things strangled, and from sexual immorality. If you keep yourselves from these, it will be well with you." The Antioch church rejoices over the encouragement; Judas and Silas, who are prophets themselves, exhort and strengthen the brothers. After some time Paul says to Barnabas, "Let's return now and visit our brothers in every city in which we proclaimed the word of the Lord, and see how they are doing." Barnabas wants to take John, who is called Mark, with them, but Paul thinks it is not appropriate to take with them someone who withdrew from them in Pamphylia and didn't go with them to the work. There is a sharp contention, so that they separate from each other. Barnabas takes Mark and sails away to Cyprus, but Paul chooses Silas and goes out, being commended by the brothers to the grace of the Lord, and goes through Syria and Cilicia, strengthening the churches.
Why the setting matters
This is the hinge of Acts: the question is whether Gentiles must become Jews to belong to the people of God. Circumcision was the sign of the covenant with Abraham (Genesis 17), and the men from Judea held that it was necessary for salvation. The meeting, sometimes called the Council of Jerusalem (about AD 49), may be the same as the visit Paul describes in Galatians 2:1-10, though how they relate is debated. Peter's speech reflects his own experience with Cornelius, and his phrase, "a yoke which neither we nor our fathers could bear," is blunt about the law's burden. James, the brother of Jesus, now leads the Jerusalem church and gives the decision, based on Amos 9:11-12, in the Greek form (which says "that the rest of mankind may seek the Lord"). The four requirements echo Leviticus 17 and 18, which applied to foreigners living among Israel: avoid food offered to idols, blood, strangled animals, and sexual immorality. Whether they were ethical rules or a way to make shared meals possible is debated, and some manuscripts read them differently. The letter's phrase "it seemed good to the Holy Spirit and to us" shows how the church saw its own decisions. The Paul-Barnabas split over John Mark is a rare human moment; Luke does not say who was right, and Paul later speaks well of Mark (Colossians 4:10, 2 Timothy 4:11). Silas, a Roman citizen and Jerusalem leader, becomes Paul's new partner.
Who’s in this chapter
Paul
Argues for the Gentiles, then parts from Barnabas.
Barnabas
Takes John Mark to Cyprus.
Simon Peter
Speaks of God's choice and of the yoke.
James, the brother of Jesus
Gives the judgment, citing Amos.
Men from Judea
Teach that Gentiles must be circumcised to be saved.
Believers from the Pharisees
Say Gentiles must keep the law of Moses.
The apostles and elders
Meet and write the letter.
Judas Barsabbas
Sent with the letter to Antioch.
Silas
Sent with the letter; then goes with Paul.
John Mark
The cause of the quarrel.
Talk it through
- The question is whether Gentiles must become Jews. Why does the whole church take it up in a public meeting?
- Peter says, "We are saved through the grace of the Lord Jesus, just as they are." What does the "just as" do?
- James cites Amos and ends with practical rules. How do the Scripture and the rules fit?
- Paul and Barnabas split over Mark. What does Luke's silence about who was right tell you?
Read Acts 15
World English Bible
1Some men came down from Judea and taught the brothers, “Unless you are circumcised after the custom of Moses, you can’t be saved.” 2Therefore when Paul and Barnabas had no small discord and discussion with them, they appointed Paul and Barnabas, and some others of them, to go up to Jerusalem to the apostles and elders about this question. 3They, being sent on their way by the assembly, passed through both Phoenicia and Samaria, declaring the conversion of the Gentiles. They caused great joy to all the brothers. 4When they had come to Jerusalem, they were received by the assembly and the apostles and the elders, and they reported everything that God had done with them.
5But some of the sect of the Pharisees who believed rose up, saying, “It is necessary to circumcise them, and to command them to keep the law of Moses.”
6The apostles and the elders were gathered together to see about this matter. 7When there had been much discussion, Peter rose up and said to them, “Brothers, you know that a good while ago God made a choice among you that by my mouth the nations should hear the word of the Good News and believe. 8God, who knows the heart, testified about them, giving them the Holy Spirit, just like he did to us. 9He made no distinction between us and them, cleansing their hearts by faith. 10Now therefore why do you tempt God, that you should put a yoke on the neck of the disciples which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear? 11But we believe that we are saved through the grace of the Lord Jesus, just as they are.”
12All the multitude kept silence, and they listened to Barnabas and Paul reporting what signs and wonders God had done among the nations through them. 13After they were silent, James answered, “Brothers, listen to me. 14Simeon has reported how God first visited the nations to take out of them a people for his name. 15This agrees with the words of the prophets. As it is written,
16‘After these things I will return. I will again build the tabernacle of David, which has fallen. I will again build its ruins. I will set it up 17that the rest of men may seek after the Lord; all the Gentiles who are called by my name, says the Lord, who does all these things.’
18“All of God’s works are known to him from eternity. 19Therefore my judgment is that we don’t trouble those from among the Gentiles who turn to God, 20but that we write to them that they abstain from the pollution of idols, from sexual immorality, from what is strangled, and from blood. 21For Moses from generations of old has in every city those who preach him, being read in the synagogues every Sabbath.”
22Then it seemed good to the apostles and the elders, with the whole assembly, to choose men out of their company, and send them to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas: Judas called Barsabbas, and Silas, chief men among the brothers. 23They wrote these things by their hand:
“The apostles, the elders, and the brothers, to the brothers who are of the Gentiles in Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia: greetings. 24Because we have heard that some who went out from us have troubled you with words, unsettling your souls, saying, ‘You must be circumcised and keep the law,’ to whom we gave no commandment; 25it seemed good to us, having come to one accord, to choose out men and send them to you with our beloved Barnabas and Paul, 26men who have risked their lives for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. 27We have sent therefore Judas and Silas, who themselves will also tell you the same things by word of mouth. 28For it seemed good to the Holy Spirit, and to us, to lay no greater burden on you than these necessary things: 29that you abstain from things sacrificed to idols, from blood, from things strangled, and from sexual immorality, from which if you keep yourselves, it will be well with you. Farewell.”
30So, when they were sent off, they came to Antioch. Having gathered the multitude together, they delivered the letter. 31When they had read it, they rejoiced over the encouragement. 32Judas and Silas, also being prophets themselves, encouraged the brothers with many words and strengthened them. 33After they had spent some time there, they were sent back with greetings from the brothers to the apostles. 35But Paul and Barnabas stayed in Antioch, teaching and preaching the word of the Lord, with many others also.
36After some days Paul said to Barnabas, “Let’s return now and visit our brothers in every city in which we proclaimed the word of the Lord, to see how they are doing.” 37Barnabas planned to take John, who was called Mark, with them also. 38But Paul didn’t think that it was a good idea to take with them someone who had withdrawn from them in Pamphylia, and didn’t go with them to do the work. 39Then the contention grew so sharp that they separated from each other. Barnabas took Mark with him and sailed away to Cyprus, 40but Paul chose Silas and went out, being commended by the brothers to the grace of God. 41He went through Syria and Cilicia, strengthening the assemblies.
Text: World English Bible, Public domain. About our sources