Acts 10
- Who wrote it
- Traditionally Luke, a doctor and companion of Paul
- Who it was for
- Theophilus and other followers of Jesus
- What was happening
- A centurion's vision, Peter's sheet, and the Spirit poured out on the Gentiles
What’s happening
At Caesarea there is a man named Cornelius, a centurion of what is called the Italian Cohort, a devout man who fears God with all his household, gives much alms to the people, and prays to God always. About the ninth hour of the day he sees clearly in a vision an angel of God coming in and saying, "Cornelius!" Fearful, he asks, "What is it, Lord?" "Your prayers and your gifts to the needy have gone up for a memorial before God. Now send men to Joppa, and get Simon, who is surnamed Peter. He lodges with Simon, a tanner, whose house is by the seaside." He sends two servants and a devout soldier. The next day, as they draw near to the city, Peter goes up on the housetop about the sixth hour to pray. He becomes hungry and wants to eat, and while they are preparing, he falls into a trance and sees the sky opened and something like a great sheet descending, let down by four corners on the earth, in which are all kinds of four-footed animals, creeping things, and birds of the sky. A voice says, "Rise, Peter, kill and eat!" But Peter says, "Not so, Lord, for I have never eaten anything that is common and unclean." The voice comes again a second time, "What God has cleansed, you must not call unclean." This happens three times, and immediately the thing is taken up into heaven. While Peter is perplexed, the men sent by Cornelius stand at the gate, and the Spirit says, "Behold, three men seek you. But arise, get down, and go with them, doubting nothing; for I have sent them." Peter goes down and says, "Behold, I am he whom you seek. For what reason have you come?" They tell him; he invites them in and lodges them. The next day he arises and goes with them, and some of the brothers from Joppa accompany him. The following day they enter Caesarea, where Cornelius is waiting, having called together his relatives and close friends. As Peter enters, Cornelius meets him, falls down at his feet, and worships him. But Peter lifts him up, saying, "Stand up. I myself am also a man." He says, "You know how it is an unlawful thing for a man who is a Jew to join himself or come to one of another nation, but God has shown me that I shouldn't call any man unholy or unclean. Therefore I came without complaint when I was sent for." Cornelius tells his story, and Peter opens his mouth: "Truly I perceive that God doesn't show favoritism, but in every nation he who fears him and works righteousness is acceptable to him." He announces the word that God sent to the children of Israel, preaching good news of peace by Jesus Christ, "he is Lord of all," "how God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Spirit and with power, who went about doing good and healing all who were oppressed by the devil, for God was with him." "We are witnesses of everything he did both in the country of the Jews and in Jerusalem; whom they also killed, hanging him on a tree. God raised him up the third day, and gave him to be revealed, not to all the people, but to witnesses who were chosen before by God, to us, who ate and drank with him after he rose from the dead. He commanded us to preach to the people, and to testify that this is he who is appointed by God as the Judge of the living and the dead. All the prophets testify about him, that through his name everyone who believes in him will receive remission of sins." While Peter is still speaking these words, the Holy Spirit falls on all those who hear the word. The believers from among the circumcision who came with Peter are amazed, because the gift of the Holy Spirit has been poured out on the Gentiles also, for they hear them speak with other languages and magnify God. Then Peter answers, "Can anyone forbid water, that these who have received the Holy Spirit as well as we should not be baptized?" He commands them to be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ, and they ask him to stay some days.
Why the setting matters
This is the turning point of Acts: for the first time a Gentile household is welcomed into the church without first becoming Jewish, and Luke tells the story at length, then retells it in chapter 11 and again in chapter 15. Caesarea was the Roman administrative capital of Judea, so a centurion there is an occupying officer. Cornelius is a "God-fearer," a Gentile who worshiped the God of Israel and gave to the poor but had not been circumcised. The Italian Cohort was an auxiliary unit recruited in Italy. Under Jewish food laws (Leviticus 11), Jews avoided certain animals, and sharing meals with Gentiles was restricted for fear of impurity, so Peter's vision is about both food and people: he draws the conclusion that he should not call any person unclean (10:28). Peter's "God shows no partiality" is the key sentence, and the sermon summarizes Jesus' life and death as the Gospels tell it; it is likely a model of the apostolic message. The Spirit falls on the Gentiles before they are baptized, in the opposite order from Samaria and Ephesus, and Peter says it was "just as on us at the beginning" (11:15); this is the evidence that settles the matter. Cornelius' bowing to Peter is refused, as the angel will later refuse worship from John.
Who’s in this chapter
Cornelius
A Roman centurion in Caesarea who fears God and prays.
Simon Peter
Sees the vision, goes to a Gentile's house, and preaches.
The angel
Tells Cornelius to send for Peter.
The brothers from Joppa
Go with Peter to Caesarea.
Cornelius' household
Relatives and friends who receive the Spirit.
The circumcised believers
Amazed that the Spirit was given to Gentiles.
Talk it through
- Peter says, "God has shown me that I shouldn't call any man unholy or unclean." How does a vision about food lead him there?
- Cornelius is already devout and generous. What does Peter's sermon add?
- The Spirit comes while Peter is still speaking. What does that do to Peter's plan?
- The circumcised believers are amazed. What would you have thought if you were one of them?
Read Acts 10
World English Bible
1Now there was a certain man in Caesarea, Cornelius by name, a centurion of what was called the Italian Regiment, 2a devout man, and one who feared God with all his house, who gave gifts for the needy generously to the people, and always prayed to God. 3At about the ninth hour of the day, he clearly saw in a vision an angel of God coming to him, and saying to him, “Cornelius!”
4He, fastening his eyes on him, and being frightened, said, “What is it, Lord?”
He said to him, “Your prayers and your gifts to the needy have gone up for a memorial before God. 5Now send men to Joppa, and get Simon, who is also called Peter. 6He is staying with a tanner named Simon, whose house is by the seaside.
7When the angel who spoke to him had departed, Cornelius called two of his household servants and a devout soldier of those who waited on him continually. 8Having explained everything to them, he sent them to Joppa. 9Now on the next day as they were on their journey, and got close to the city, Peter went up on the housetop to pray at about noon. 10He became hungry and desired to eat, but while they were preparing, he fell into a trance. 11He saw heaven opened and a certain container descending to him, like a great sheet let down by four corners on the earth, 12in which were all kinds of four-footed animals of the earth, wild animals, reptiles, and birds of the sky. 13A voice came to him, “Rise, Peter, kill and eat!”
14But Peter said, “Not so, Lord; for I have never eaten anything that is common or unclean.”
15A voice came to him again the second time, “What God has cleansed, you must not call unclean.” 16This was done three times, and immediately the vessel was received up into heaven. 17Now while Peter was very perplexed in himself what the vision which he had seen might mean, behold, the men who were sent by Cornelius, having made inquiry for Simon’s house, stood before the gate, 18and called and asked whether Simon, who was also called Peter, was lodging there. 19While Peter was pondering the vision, the Spirit said to him, “Behold, three men seek you. 20But arise, get down, and go with them, doubting nothing; for I have sent them.”
21Peter went down to the men, and said, “Behold, I am he whom you seek. Why have you come?”
22They said, “Cornelius, a centurion, a righteous man and one who fears God, and well spoken of by all the nation of the Jews, was directed by a holy angel to invite you to his house, and to listen to what you say.” 23So he called them in and provided a place to stay. On the next day Peter arose and went out with them, and some of the brothers from Joppa accompanied him. 24On the next day they entered into Caesarea. Cornelius was waiting for them, having called together his relatives and his near friends. 25When Peter entered, Cornelius met him, fell down at his feet, and worshiped him. 26But Peter raised him up, saying, “Stand up! I myself am also a man.” 27As he talked with him, he went in and found many gathered together. 28He said to them, “You yourselves know how it is an unlawful thing for a man who is a Jew to join himself or come to one of another nation, but God has shown me that I shouldn’t call any man unholy or unclean. 29Therefore I also came without complaint when I was sent for. I ask therefore, why did you send for me?”
30Cornelius said, “Four days ago, I was fasting until this hour, and at the ninth hour, I prayed in my house, and behold, a man stood before me in bright clothing, 31and said, ‘Cornelius, your prayer is heard, and your gifts to the needy are remembered in the sight of God. 32Send therefore to Joppa, and summon Simon, who is also called Peter. He is staying in the house of a tanner named Simon, by the seaside. When he comes, he will speak to you.’ 33Therefore I sent to you at once, and it was good of you to come. Now therefore we are all here present in the sight of God to hear all things that have been commanded you by God.”
34Peter opened his mouth and said, “Truly I perceive that God doesn’t show favoritism; 35but in every nation he who fears him and works righteousness is acceptable to him. 36The word which he sent to the children of Israel, preaching good news of peace by Jesus Christ—he is Lord of all— 37you yourselves know what happened, which was proclaimed throughout all Judea, beginning from Galilee, after the baptism which John preached; 38even Jesus of Nazareth, how God anointed him with the Holy Spirit and with power, who went about doing good and healing all who were oppressed by the devil, for God was with him. 39We are witnesses of everything he did both in the country of the Jews, and in Jerusalem; whom they also killed, hanging him on a tree. 40God raised him up the third day, and gave him to be revealed, 41not to all the people, but to witnesses who were chosen before by God, to us, who ate and drank with him after he rose from the dead. 42He commanded us to preach to the people and to testify that this is he who is appointed by God as the Judge of the living and the dead. 43All the prophets testify about him, that through his name everyone who believes in him will receive remission of sins.”
44While Peter was still speaking these words, the Holy Spirit fell on all those who heard the word. 45They of the circumcision who believed were amazed, as many as came with Peter, because the gift of the Holy Spirit was also poured out on the Gentiles. 46For they heard them speaking in other languages and magnifying God.
Then Peter answered, 47“Can anyone forbid these people from being baptized with water? They have received the Holy Spirit just like us.” 48He commanded them to be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ. Then they asked him to stay some days.
Text: World English Bible, Public domain. About our sources