Acts 17
- Who wrote it
- Traditionally Luke, a doctor and companion of Paul
- Who it was for
- Theophilus and other followers of Jesus
- What was happening
- Thessalonica, Berea, and Paul's speech in Athens
What’s happening
Passing through Amphipolis and Apollonia, they come to Thessalonica, where there is a Jewish synagogue. Paul, as is his custom, goes in and for three Sabbaths reasons with them from the Scriptures, explaining and proving that the Christ had to suffer and rise from the dead: "This Jesus, whom I proclaim to you, is the Christ." Some of them are persuaded and join Paul and Silas, along with a great multitude of the devout Greeks and not a few of the leading women. But the jealous Jews take some wicked men from the marketplace, gather a crowd, set the city in an uproar, attack Jason's house, and seek to bring them out to the people. Not finding them, they drag Jason and some brothers before the city authorities: "These who have turned the world upside down have come here also, whom Jason has received. These all act contrary to the decrees of Caesar, saying that there is another king, Jesus." The brothers immediately send Paul and Silas away by night to Beroea, where they go into the Jewish synagogue. These are more noble than those in Thessalonica, in that they receive the word with all readiness of the mind, examining the Scriptures daily to see whether these things are so. Many of them believe, along with prominent Greek women and men. But when the Jews of Thessalonica learn that the word of God is proclaimed by Paul at Beroea, they come there also, agitating the multitudes. The brothers send Paul to the sea, while Silas and Timothy remain, and those who escort Paul bring him to Athens. While Paul waits for them at Athens, his spirit is provoked within him as he sees the city full of idols. He reasons in the synagogue with the Jews and the devout persons, and in the marketplace every day with those who happen to be there. Some of the Epicurean and Stoic philosophers also dispute with him, and some say, "What does this babbler want to say?" Others, "He seems to be advocating foreign deities," because he preaches Jesus and the resurrection. They take him to the Areopagus: "May we know what this new teaching is?" Paul stands in the middle of the Areopagus: "You men of Athens, I perceive that you are very religious in all things. For as I passed along and observed the objects of your worship, I found also an altar with this inscription: 'TO AN UNKNOWN GOD.' What therefore you worship in ignorance, this I announce to you. The God who made the world and all things in it, he, being Lord of heaven and earth, doesn't dwell in temples made with hands, neither is he served by men's hands, as though he needed anything, seeing he himself gives to all life and breath and all things. He made from one every nation of men to dwell on all the surface of the earth, having determined appointed seasons and the boundaries of their dwellings, that they should seek the Lord, if perhaps they might reach out for him and find him, though he is not far from each one of us. 'For in him we live, and move, and have our being.' As some of your own poets have said, 'For we are also his offspring.' Being then the offspring of God, we ought not to think that the Divine Nature is like gold, or silver, or stone, engraved by art and device of man. The times of ignorance therefore God overlooked. But now he commands that all men everywhere should repent, because he has appointed a day in which he will judge the world in righteousness by the man whom he has ordained; of which he has given assurance to all men, in that he has raised him from the dead." When they hear of the resurrection of the dead, some mock, but others say, "We want to hear you again about this." So Paul departs from among them. But certain men join with him and believe, among whom are Dionysius the Areopagite, a woman named Damaris, and others with them.
Why the setting matters
Thessalonica was the capital of Macedonia on the Via Egnatia, the great east-west road; the city authorities are called "politarchs," a title that appears in inscriptions found there, which confirms Luke's accuracy. The charge, "another king, Jesus," is a political twist on the message of the kingdom. The Bereans' "nobility" lies in testing what they hear against Scripture. Athens, though past its political peak, was still the intellectual capital of the Greek world, with the Epicureans (who held that the gods did not intervene and that pleasure was the aim of life) and the Stoics (who believed in a rational order and divine reason). "Babbler" translates a word for a bird that picks up seeds, so a person who picks up scraps of ideas. The Areopagus was the council that met on the hill of Ares, or in the agora, and examined new teachers. Paul's speech is a model of speaking to Gentiles with no Jewish background. He starts from their religion, uses an altar to an unknown god (altars like this are reported by ancient writers), and quotes Greek poets: "in him we live and move and have our being" is attributed to Epimenides, and "we are his offspring" to Aratus or Cleanthes. He moves from creation to judgment and resurrection, which is the point where the audience splits. How many believed is modest, but one is a member of the council. Some read this speech as a model for cultural engagement; others note that Paul left Athens soon after for Corinth, where he says he resolved to know only Christ crucified (1 Corinthians 2:2); how to relate the two is debated.
Who’s in this chapter
Paul
Reasons in synagogues, marketplace, and the Areopagus.
Silas
Left behind at Berea with Timothy.
Timothy
Stays at Berea with Silas.
Jason
Hosts Paul in Thessalonica and is dragged before the authorities.
The Bereans
More noble: they examine the Scriptures daily.
The Epicurean and Stoic philosophers
Epicureans and Stoics who call Paul a babbler.
The Areopagus
The council that hears his speech.
Dionysius the Areopagite
A council member who believes.
Damaris
A woman who believes.
Talk it through
- The Bereans check Paul's words against Scripture. What does Luke praise about that?
- Paul starts from an altar to an unknown god, not from the Bible. What does that tell you about how he speaks to people who don't share his story?
- The speech turns at the resurrection, and the audience splits. What makes that the point of division?
- "We want to hear you again." Is that a rejection or an opening?
Read Acts 17
World English Bible
1Now when they had passed through Amphipolis and Apollonia, they came to Thessalonica, where there was a Jewish synagogue. 2Paul, as was his custom, went in to them, and for three Sabbath days reasoned with them from the Scriptures, 3explaining and demonstrating that the Christ had to suffer and rise again from the dead, and saying, “This Jesus, whom I proclaim to you, is the Christ.”
4Some of them were persuaded and joined Paul and Silas, of the devout Greeks a great multitude, and not a few of the chief women. 5But the unpersuaded Jews took along some wicked men from the marketplace, and gathering a crowd, set the city in an uproar. Assaulting the house of Jason, they sought to bring them out to the people. 6When they didn’t find them, they dragged Jason and certain brothers before the rulers of the city, crying, “These who have turned the world upside down have come here also, 7whom Jason has received. These all act contrary to the decrees of Caesar, saying that there is another king, Jesus!” 8The multitude and the rulers of the city were troubled when they heard these things. 9When they had taken security from Jason and the rest, they let them go. 10The brothers immediately sent Paul and Silas away by night to Beroea. When they arrived, they went into the Jewish synagogue.
11Now these were more noble than those in Thessalonica, in that they received the word with all readiness of mind, examining the Scriptures daily to see whether these things were so. 12Many of them therefore believed; also of the prominent Greek women, and not a few men. 13But when the Jews of Thessalonica had knowledge that the word of God was proclaimed by Paul at Beroea also, they came there likewise, agitating the multitudes. 14Then the brothers immediately sent out Paul to go as far as to the sea, and Silas and Timothy still stayed there. 15But those who escorted Paul brought him as far as Athens. Receiving a commandment to Silas and Timothy that they should come to him very quickly, they departed.
16Now while Paul waited for them at Athens, his spirit was provoked within him as he saw the city full of idols. 17So he reasoned in the synagogue with the Jews and the devout persons, and in the marketplace every day with those who met him. 18Some of the Epicurean and Stoic philosophers also were conversing with him. Some said, “What does this babbler want to say?”
Others said, “He seems to be advocating foreign deities,” because he preached Jesus and the resurrection.
19They took hold of him and brought him to the Areopagus, saying, “May we know what this new teaching is, which you are speaking about? 20For you bring certain strange things to our ears. We want to know therefore what these things mean.” 21Now all the Athenians and the strangers living there spent their time in nothing else, but either to tell or to hear some new thing.
22Paul stood in the middle of the Areopagus, and said, “You men of Athens, I perceive that you are very religious in all things. 23For as I passed along and observed the objects of your worship, I also found an altar with this inscription: ‘TO AN UNKNOWN GOD.’ What therefore you worship in ignorance, I announce to you. 24The God who made the world and all things in it, he, being Lord of heaven and earth, doesn’t dwell in temples made with hands. 25He isn’t served by men’s hands, as though he needed anything, seeing he himself gives to all life and breath, and all things. 26He made from one blood every nation of men to dwell on all the surface of the earth, having determined appointed seasons, and the boundaries of their dwellings, 27that they should seek the Lord, if perhaps they might reach out for him and find him, though he is not far from each one of us. 28‘For in him we live, move, and have our being.’ As some of your own poets have said, ‘For we are also his offspring.’ 29Being then the offspring of God, we ought not to think that the Divine Nature is like gold, or silver, or stone, engraved by art and design of man. 30The times of ignorance therefore God overlooked. But now he commands that all people everywhere should repent, 31because he has appointed a day in which he will judge the world in righteousness by the man whom he has ordained; of which he has given assurance to all men, in that he has raised him from the dead.”
32Now when they heard of the resurrection of the dead, some mocked; but others said, “We want to hear you again concerning this.”
33Thus Paul went out from among them. 34But certain men joined with him and believed, among whom also was Dionysius the Areopagite, and a woman named Damaris, and others with them.
Text: World English Bible, Public domain. About our sources