Acts 7
- Who wrote it
- Traditionally Luke, a doctor and companion of Paul
- Who it was for
- Theophilus and other followers of Jesus
- What was happening
- Stephen's speech to the council, and the first martyr
What’s happening
The high priest asks, "Are these things so?" Stephen answers with Israel's story. "The God of glory appeared to our father Abraham when he was in Mesopotamia," and called him out to a land he would be shown, promising it to his offspring, though he gave him no inheritance in it, not even a foot's length. Abraham's descendants would be strangers in a foreign land and be enslaved and mistreated for four hundred years. Jacob's sons, jealous of Joseph, sold him into Egypt, "but God was with him," and made him ruler over Egypt, and Jacob and his sons came to Egypt in famine and were buried in Shechem. As the time of the promise drew near, the people grew in Egypt until another king arose who didn't know Joseph. At that time Moses was born, "beautiful to God," brought up in Pharaoh's house, instructed in all the wisdom of the Egyptians, and powerful in words and deeds. When he was forty he visited his brothers and, seeing one wronged, struck down the Egyptian; he supposed his brothers would understand that God was giving them rescue by his hand, but they didn't. The next day he tried to reconcile two fighting, and one said, "Who made you a ruler and a judge over us?" Moses fled to Midian, and after forty years an angel appeared to him in the wilderness of Sinai in the flame of a burning bush: "I am the God of your fathers." "This Moses, whom they refused, saying, 'Who made you a ruler and a judge?' God has sent him to be both a ruler and a deliverer." He led them out, doing wonders and signs in Egypt, at the Red Sea, and in the wilderness for forty years. It was he who said, "God will raise up a prophet for you from among your brothers, like me," and who received living oracles to give to us. "Our fathers wouldn't be obedient to him, but rejected him, and turned back in their hearts to Egypt," making a calf. God turned and gave them up to serve the army of the sky, as it is written in the book of the prophets. "Our fathers had the tabernacle of the testimony in the wilderness," and brought it with Joshua; David asked to find a dwelling for the God of Jacob, but Solomon built him a house. "However the Most High doesn't dwell in temples made with hands, as the prophet says, 'Heaven is my throne, and the earth a footstool for my feet. What kind of house will you build me?'" Then, addressing the council: "You stiff-necked and uncircumcised in heart and ears, you always resist the Holy Spirit! As your fathers did, so you do. Which of the prophets did your fathers not persecute? They killed those who foretold the coming of the Righteous One, of whom you have now become betrayers and murderers; you received the law as it was ordained by angels, and did not keep it." When they hear these things they are cut to the heart and gnash their teeth at him. But he, being full of the Holy Spirit, looks up steadfastly into heaven and sees the glory of God, and Jesus standing at the right hand of God, and says, "Behold, I see the heavens opened, and the Son of Man standing at the right hand of God!" They cry out with a loud voice, stop their ears, rush at him with one accord, cast him out of the city, and stone him. The witnesses lay down their garments at the feet of a young man named Saul. They stone Stephen as he calls out, "Lord Jesus, receive my spirit!" and kneeling down he cries with a loud voice, "Lord, don't hold this sin against them!" Having said this, he falls asleep, and Saul is consenting to his death.
Why the setting matters
Stephen's speech is the longest in Acts, and it does not directly answer the charges; it retells Israel's history to argue that God has never been confined to one place, whether Mesopotamia, Egypt, Midian, Sinai, or the temple, and that Israel has repeatedly resisted those God sent, from Joseph to Moses to the prophets. A few details in his account differ from the Old Testament, such as where Abraham was buried and how many people went into Egypt, and how to explain the differences is debated, though many are variations that reflect the Greek Old Testament or other Jewish traditions. His critique of the temple ("not made with hands") quotes Isaiah 66:1-2 and is the sharpest charge in the speech; the same phrase is used by Paul in 17:24. "Stiff-necked" and "uncircumcised in heart" are phrases the prophets used against Israel (Exodus 32:9, Jeremiah 9:26). Stephen's vision of Jesus "standing" at God's right hand, not sitting as in Psalm 110, may show him as witness or advocate. Stoning was the penalty for blasphemy (Leviticus 24:16); Roman governors usually kept the right of capital punishment, and whether this was a trial or a lynching is debated. Stephen's words, "Lord Jesus, receive my spirit" and "don't hold this sin against them," echo Jesus' last words in Luke 23:34 and 23:46. The young man Saul is introduced here, minding the coats.
Who’s in this chapter
Stephen
Tells Israel's story, accuses the council, and is stoned.
The high priest
Asks, "Are these things so?"
The council
Stop their ears and rush at him.
Saul
Looks after the coats and approves.
Jesus
Seen standing at the right hand of God.
Talk it through
- Stephen answers a question about the temple with Israel's history. Why do you think he does that?
- "Heaven is my throne." How does that challenge ideas of where God is found?
- Stephen sees Jesus standing. What difference does it make that Jesus is standing, not sitting?
- Stephen's last words echo Jesus'. What is Luke showing us about how followers of Jesus die?
Read Acts 7
World English Bible
1The high priest said, “Are these things so?”
2He said, “Brothers and fathers, listen. The God of glory appeared to our father Abraham when he was in Mesopotamia, before he lived in Haran, 3and said to him, ‘Get out of your land and away from your relatives, and come into a land which I will show you.’ 4Then he came out of the land of the Chaldaeans and lived in Haran. From there, when his father was dead, God moved him into this land, where you are now living. 5He gave him no inheritance in it, no, not so much as to set his foot on. He promised that he would give it to him for a possession, and to his offspring after him, when he still had no child. 6God spoke in this way: that his offspring would live as aliens in a strange land, and that they would be enslaved and mistreated for four hundred years. 7‘I will judge the nation to which they will be in bondage,’ said God, ‘and after that they will come out, and serve me in this place.’ 8He gave him the covenant of circumcision. So Abraham became the father of Isaac, and circumcised him the eighth day. Isaac became the father of Jacob, and Jacob became the father of the twelve patriarchs.
9“The patriarchs, moved with jealousy against Joseph, sold him into Egypt. God was with him, 10and delivered him out of all his afflictions, and gave him favor and wisdom before Pharaoh, king of Egypt. He made him governor over Egypt and all his house. 11Now a famine came over all the land of Egypt and Canaan, and great affliction. Our fathers found no food. 12But when Jacob heard that there was grain in Egypt, he sent out our fathers the first time. 13On the second time Joseph was made known to his brothers, and Joseph’s race was revealed to Pharaoh. 14Joseph sent and summoned Jacob, his father, and all his relatives, seventy-five souls. 15Jacob went down into Egypt and he died, himself and our fathers, 16and they were brought back to Shechem, and laid in the tomb that Abraham bought for a price in silver from the children of Hamor of Shechem.
17“But as the time of the promise came close which God had sworn to Abraham, the people grew and multiplied in Egypt, 18until there arose a different king, who didn’t know Joseph. 19The same took advantage of our race, and mistreated our fathers, and forced them to throw out their babies, so that they wouldn’t stay alive. 20At that time Moses was born, and was exceedingly handsome. He was nourished three months in his father’s house. 21When he was thrown out, Pharaoh’s daughter took him up and reared him as her own son. 22Moses was instructed in all the wisdom of the Egyptians. He was mighty in his words and works. 23But when he was forty years old, it came into his heart to visit his brothers, the children of Israel. 24Seeing one of them suffer wrong, he defended him, and avenged him who was oppressed, striking the Egyptian. 25He supposed that his brothers understood that God, by his hand, was giving them deliverance; but they didn’t understand.
26“The day following, he appeared to them as they fought, and urged them to be at peace again, saying, ‘Sirs, you are brothers. Why do you wrong one another?’ 27But he who did his neighbor wrong pushed him away, saying, ‘Who made you a ruler and a judge over us? 28Do you want to kill me, as you killed the Egyptian yesterday?’ 29Moses fled at this saying, and became a stranger in the land of Midian, where he became the father of two sons.
30“When forty years were fulfilled, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in the wilderness of Mount Sinai, in a flame of fire in a bush. 31When Moses saw it, he wondered at the sight. As he came close to see, a voice of the Lord came to him, 32‘I am the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.’ Moses trembled, and dared not look. 33The Lord said to him, ‘Take off your sandals, for the place where you stand is holy ground. 34I have surely seen the affliction of my people that is in Egypt, and have heard their groaning. I have come down to deliver them. Now come, I will send you into Egypt.’
35“This Moses, whom they refused, saying, ‘Who made you a ruler and a judge?’—God has sent him as both a ruler and a deliverer by the hand of the angel who appeared to him in the bush. 36This man led them out, having worked wonders and signs in Egypt, in the Red Sea, and in the wilderness for forty years. 37This is that Moses, who said to the children of Israel, ‘The Lord our God will raise up a prophet for you from among your brothers, like me.’ 38This is he who was in the assembly in the wilderness with the angel that spoke to him on Mount Sinai, and with our fathers, who received living revelations to give to us, 39to whom our fathers wouldn’t be obedient, but rejected him, and turned back in their hearts to Egypt, 40saying to Aaron, ‘Make us gods that will go before us, for as for this Moses, who led us out of the land of Egypt, we don’t know what has become of him.’ 41They made a calf in those days, and brought a sacrifice to the idol, and rejoiced in the works of their hands. 42But God turned, and gave them up to serve the army of the sky, as it is written in the book of the prophets,
‘Did you offer to me slain animals and sacrifices forty years in the wilderness, O house of Israel? 43You took up the tabernacle of Moloch, the star of your god Rephan, the figures which you made to worship. I will carry you away beyond Babylon.’
44“Our fathers had the tabernacle of the testimony in the wilderness, even as he who spoke to Moses commanded him to make it according to the pattern that he had seen; 45which also our fathers, in their turn, brought in with Joshua when they entered into the possession of the nations, whom God drove out before the face of our fathers, to the days of David, 46who found favor in the sight of God, and asked to find a habitation for the God of Jacob. 47But Solomon built him a house. 48However, the Most High doesn’t dwell in temples made with hands, as the prophet says,
49‘heaven is my throne, and the earth a footstool for my feet. What kind of house will you build me?’ says the Lord. ‘Or what is the place of my rest? 50Didn’t my hand make all these things?’
51“You stiff-necked and uncircumcised in heart and ears, you always resist the Holy Spirit! As your fathers did, so you do. 52Which of the prophets didn’t your fathers persecute? They killed those who foretold the coming of the Righteous One, of whom you have now become betrayers and murderers. 53You received the law as it was ordained by angels, and didn’t keep it!”
54Now when they heard these things, they were cut to the heart, and they gnashed at him with their teeth. 55But he, being full of the Holy Spirit, looked up steadfastly into heaven and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing on the right hand of God, 56and said, “Behold, I see the heavens opened, and the Son of Man standing at the right hand of God!”
57But they cried out with a loud voice and stopped their ears, then rushed at him with one accord. 58They threw him out of the city and stoned him. The witnesses placed their garments at the feet of a young man named Saul. 59They stoned Stephen as he called out, saying, “Lord Jesus, receive my spirit!” 60He kneeled down, and cried with a loud voice, “Lord, don’t hold this sin against them!” When he had said this, he fell asleep.
Text: World English Bible, Public domain. About our sources