Setting the scene
Who wrote it
Traditionally Luke, a doctor and companion of Paul
Who it was for
Theophilus and other followers of Jesus
What was happening
Three years in Ephesus: the Spirit, magic books burned, and a riot over Artemis
Read the full background in the book overview

What’s happening

While Apollos is at Corinth, Paul passes through the upper country and comes to Ephesus, where he finds some disciples and asks, "Did you receive the Holy Spirit when you believed?" They say, "No, we haven't even heard that there is a Holy Spirit." "Into what then were you baptized?" "Into John's baptism." Paul says, "John indeed baptized with the baptism of repentance, saying to the people that they should believe in him who would come after him, that is, in Jesus." Hearing this, they are baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus; Paul lays his hands on them, and the Holy Spirit comes on them, and they speak with other languages and prophesy, about twelve men in all. He goes into the synagogue and speaks boldly for three months, reasoning and persuading about the Kingdom of God, but when some are hardened and disbelieve, speaking evil of the Way before the multitude, he departs from them, takes away the disciples, and reasons daily in the school of Tyrannus. This continues for two years, so that all those who live in Asia hear the word of the Lord, both Jews and Greeks. God does unusual miracles by the hands of Paul, so that handkerchiefs or aprons are carried away from his body to the sick, and the diseases leave them and the evil spirits go out. But some of the itinerant Jews, exorcists, take it on themselves to name over those who have evil spirits the name of the Lord Jesus, saying, "I adjure you by the Jesus whom Paul preaches." There are seven sons of one Sceva, a Jewish chief priest, doing this. The evil spirit answers, "Jesus I know, and Paul I know, but who are you?" The man in whom the evil spirit is leaps on them, overpowers them, and prevails against them, so that they flee out of that house naked and wounded. This becomes known to all the residents of Ephesus, both Jews and Greeks, and fear falls on them all, and the name of the Lord Jesus is magnified. Many who have believed come, confessing and declaring their deeds. Many of those who practiced magical arts bring their books together and burn them in the sight of all, and they count the price of them and find it fifty thousand pieces of silver. So the word of the Lord grows and prevails mightily. After these things are accomplished, Paul decides in the spirit, when he has passed through Macedonia and Achaia, to go to Jerusalem, saying, "After I have been there, I must also see Rome." He sends two of those who serve him, Timothy and Erastus, into Macedonia, while he himself stays in Asia for a while. About that time there arises no small disturbance concerning the Way. A certain man named Demetrius, a silversmith who makes silver shrines of Artemis, brings no small business to the craftsmen. He gathers them together with the workmen of similar trades: "Sirs, you know that by this business we have our wealth. You see and hear that, not at Ephesus alone, but almost throughout all Asia, this Paul has persuaded and turned away many people, saying that they are no gods that are made with hands. Not only is there danger that this our trade come into disrepute, but also that the temple of the great goddess Artemis will be counted as nothing, and that she will be deposed from her magnificence, whom all Asia and the world worships." When they hear this they are filled with anger and cry out, "Great is Artemis of the Ephesians!" The whole city is filled with confusion, and they rush with one accord into the theater, having seized Gaius and Aristarchus, men of Macedonia, Paul's companions. When Paul wants to enter in to the people, the disciples don't allow him. Certain also of the Asiarchs, being his friends, send to him and beg him not to venture into the theater. Some cry one thing, some another, for the assembly is in confusion, and the greater part don't know why they've come together. Alexander is put forward by the Jews, and motions with his hand, but when they recognize that he is a Jew, all with one voice for about two hours cry out, "Great is Artemis of the Ephesians!" When the town clerk has quieted the multitude, he says, "You men of Ephesus, what man is there who doesn't know that the city of the Ephesians is temple keeper of the great goddess Artemis, and of the image which fell down from Zeus? ... You have brought these men here, who are neither robbers of temples nor blasphemers of our goddess. If therefore Demetrius and the craftsmen who are with him have a matter against anyone, the courts are open, and there are proconsuls. Let them press charges against one another. But if you seek anything about other matters, it will be settled in the regular assembly. For indeed we are in danger of being accused concerning this day's riot." When he has said this, he dismisses the assembly.

Why the setting matters

Ephesus was the capital of the Roman province of Asia, a large port, and home to the temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the ancient world, which attracted pilgrims and a large trade in shrines. The twelve men who knew only John's baptism show that some of John's followers had spread far from Judea; Apollos in the previous chapter was like them. Paul teaches in the hall of Tyrannus for two years, probably during the midday break; Paul's stay in Ephesus is about three years in all (20:31). Magic was widespread in Ephesus, and "Ephesian letters" were charms sold for protection; burning the books, valued at fifty thousand pieces of silver (perhaps fifty thousand days' wages), is a costly act. The seven sons of Sceva are otherwise unknown, and no high priest by that name is recorded; Luke's "chief priest" may be a title the family claimed. Demetrius' speech shows the economic side of religion. Silver shrines were small replicas of the cult statue, sold to pilgrims. The theater could hold about 24,000 people, and has been excavated. The "Asiarchs" were wealthy officials of the provincial cult, and that some were friendly to Paul is notable. The town clerk's speech is a model of Roman civic order: he warns that the city could face charges for an unlawful assembly, and shows that Christians were not seen as criminals.

Read Acts 19 (World English Bible)

Who’s in this chapter

Paul

Spends about three years in Ephesus.

The twelve at Ephesus

About twelve men who knew only John's baptism.

The sons of Sceva

Seven exorcists who are overpowered.

Timothy

Sent to Macedonia.

Erastus

Sent to Macedonia.

Demetrius

A silversmith who stirs up the craftsmen.

Gaius

Seized with Aristarchus.

Aristarchus

A companion of Paul, seized in the riot.

The Asiarchs

Friendly officials who warn Paul.

Alexander

A Jew put forward and shouted down.

The town clerk

Calms the crowd.

Talk it through

  1. The twelve had known only John's baptism. What does Luke's account say about the Spirit's coming and baptism in the name of Jesus?
  2. The books of magic are burned at a huge cost. What does that tell you about what conversion cost there?
  3. Demetrius' argument is about money first and religion second. What does Luke want us to see?
  4. The town clerk defends Paul's group by appeal to the law. What is Luke saying about how the Roman world saw the church?

Read Acts 19

World English Bible

1While Apollos was at Corinth, Paul, having passed through the upper country, came to Ephesus and found certain disciples. 2He said to them, “Did you receive the Holy Spirit when you believed?”

They said to him, “No, we haven’t even heard that there is a Holy Spirit.”

3He said, “Into what then were you baptized?”

They said, “Into John’s baptism.”

4Paul said, “John indeed baptized with the baptism of repentance, saying to the people that they should believe in the one who would come after him, that is, in Jesus.”

5When they heard this, they were baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus. 6When Paul had laid his hands on them, the Holy Spirit came on them and they spoke with other languages and prophesied. 7They were about twelve men in all. 8He entered into the synagogue and spoke boldly for a period of three months, reasoning and persuading about the things concerning God’s Kingdom.

9But when some were hardened and disobedient, speaking evil of the Way before the multitude, he departed from them, and separated the disciples, reasoning daily in the school of Tyrannus. 10This continued for two years, so that all those who lived in Asia heard the word of the Lord Jesus, both Jews and Greeks.

11God worked special miracles by the hands of Paul, 12so that even handkerchiefs or aprons were carried away from his body to the sick, and the diseases departed from them, and the evil spirits went out. 13But some of the itinerant Jews, exorcists, took on themselves to invoke over those who had the evil spirits the name of the Lord Jesus, saying, “We adjure you by Jesus whom Paul preaches.” 14There were seven sons of one Sceva, a Jewish chief priest, who did this.

15The evil spirit answered, “Jesus I know, and Paul I know, but who are you?” 16The man in whom the evil spirit was leaped on them, overpowered them, and prevailed against them, so that they fled out of that house naked and wounded. 17This became known to all, both Jews and Greeks, who lived at Ephesus. Fear fell on them all, and the name of the Lord Jesus was magnified. 18Many also of those who had believed came, confessing, and declaring their deeds. 19Many of those who practiced magical arts brought their books together and burned them in the sight of all. They counted their price, and found it to be fifty thousand pieces of silver. 20So the word of the Lord was growing and becoming mighty.

21Now after these things had ended, Paul determined in the Spirit, when he had passed through Macedonia and Achaia, to go to Jerusalem, saying, “After I have been there, I must also see Rome.”

22Having sent into Macedonia two of those who served him, Timothy and Erastus, he himself stayed in Asia for a while. 23About that time there arose no small disturbance concerning the Way. 24For a certain man named Demetrius, a silversmith who made silver shrines of Artemis, brought no little business to the craftsmen, 25whom he gathered together, with the workmen of like occupation, and said, “Sirs, you know that by this business we have our wealth. 26You see and hear that not at Ephesus alone, but almost throughout all Asia, this Paul has persuaded and turned away many people, saying that they are no gods that are made with hands. 27Not only is there danger that this our trade come into disrepute, but also that the temple of the great goddess Artemis will be counted as nothing and her majesty destroyed, whom all Asia and the world worships.”

28When they heard this they were filled with anger, and cried out, saying, “Great is Artemis of the Ephesians!” 29The whole city was filled with confusion, and they rushed with one accord into the theater, having seized Gaius and Aristarchus, men of Macedonia, Paul’s companions in travel. 30When Paul wanted to enter in to the people, the disciples didn’t allow him. 31Certain also of the Asiarchs, being his friends, sent to him and begged him not to venture into the theater. 32Some therefore cried one thing, and some another, for the assembly was in confusion. Most of them didn’t know why they had come together. 33They brought Alexander out of the multitude, the Jews putting him forward. Alexander beckoned with his hand, and would have made a defense to the people. 34But when they perceived that he was a Jew, all with one voice for a time of about two hours cried out, “Great is Artemis of the Ephesians!”

35When the town clerk had quieted the multitude, he said, “You men of Ephesus, what man is there who doesn’t know that the city of the Ephesians is temple keeper of the great goddess Artemis, and of the image which fell down from Zeus? 36Seeing then that these things can’t be denied, you ought to be quiet and to do nothing rash. 37For you have brought these men here, who are neither robbers of temples nor blasphemers of your goddess. 38If therefore Demetrius and the craftsmen who are with him have a matter against anyone, the courts are open, and there are proconsuls. Let them press charges against one another. 39But if you seek anything about other matters, it will be settled in the regular assembly. 40For indeed we are in danger of being accused concerning today’s riot, there being no cause. Concerning it, we wouldn’t be able to give an account of this commotion.” 41When he had thus spoken, he dismissed the assembly.

Text: World English Bible, Public domain. About our sources