Setting the scene
Who wrote it
Traditionally Luke, a doctor and companion of Paul
Who it was for
Theophilus and other followers of Jesus
What was happening
Arrested before the council: "There is no other name," and a church that prays for boldness
Read the full background in the book overview

What’s happening

While Peter and John are speaking to the people, the priests, the captain of the temple, and the Sadducees come upon them, greatly annoyed that they are teaching the people and proclaiming in Jesus the resurrection from the dead. They arrest them and put them in custody until the next day, since it is already evening. But many of those who heard the word believed, and the number of the men came to be about five thousand. The next day their rulers, elders, and scribes gather in Jerusalem with Annas the high priest, Caiaphas, John, and Alexander, and as many as were of the high priest's family. They set Peter and John in the middle and ask, "By what power, or in what name, have you done this?" Then Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit, says, "If we are examined today concerning a good deed done to a crippled man, by what means this man has been healed, may it be known to you all, and to all the people of Israel, that in the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, whom you crucified, whom God raised from the dead, this man stands here before you whole. He is 'the stone which was rejected by you, the builders, which has become the head of the corner.' There is salvation in no one else, for there is no other name under heaven, that is given among men, by which we must be saved." Seeing the boldness of Peter and John, and perceiving that they are unlettered and ordinary men, they marvel, and recognize that they had been with Jesus. Seeing the man who was healed standing with them, they have nothing to say against it. They send them out of the council and confer: "What shall we do to these men? For indeed, that a notable miracle has been done by them is evident to all who dwell in Jerusalem, and we can't deny it. But so that it spreads no further among the people, let's threaten them." They call them in and order them not to speak or teach in the name of Jesus. Peter and John answer, "Whether it is right in the sight of God to listen to you rather than to God, judge for yourselves, for we can't help telling the things which we saw and heard." After further threats they let them go, finding no way to punish them, because of the people, for all men glorified God for what was done. When they are released, they go to their own friends and report what the chief priests and elders have said. They lift their voice to God with one accord, quoting Psalm 2: "Why do the nations rage, and the peoples plot a vain thing?" and pray, "Now, Lord, look at their threats, and grant to your servants to speak your word with all boldness." When they have prayed, the place where they are gathered is shaken, and they are all filled with the Holy Spirit and speak the word of God with boldness. The multitude of those who believe are of one heart and soul. Not one of them claims anything of the things he possesses as his own, but all things are common among them. With great power the apostles give their testimony of the resurrection, and great grace is on them all. There is no needy person among them, as those who own lands or houses sell them and bring the proceeds to the apostles' feet, and it is distributed to each according to need. Joseph, a Levite from Cyprus, surnamed by the apostles Barnabas (which is, being interpreted, Son of Encouragement), sells a field he owns and brings the money and lays it at the apostles' feet.

Why the setting matters

The Sadducees, who controlled the priesthood and the temple, denied the resurrection, so a message about Jesus' resurrection threatened their teaching and their authority; they are the ones who act first. "Annas the high priest" and "Caiaphas" both appear because Annas, though no longer in office, was still called high priest and kept power; Caiaphas held the office. Peter's boldness (parrēsia) means free and open speech, and the council is surprised because Peter and John had no formal rabbinic training. Peter's quotation from Psalm 118:22, "the stone that the builders rejected," is the same verse Jesus cited in the parable of the tenants (Luke 20:17). "No other name" is spoken to the council in the context of a healing, and is about "salvation" which also means healing in Greek (sōzō). The apostles' answer, "judge for yourselves, whether it is right to listen to you rather than to God," echoes Socrates, and is the first of several times Acts has believers obey God over human authority. The prayer in 4:24-30 quotes Psalm 2 and reads the opposition of the authorities as what the Psalm described. The description of shared possessions here and in chapter 2 is Luke's idealized picture; Barnabas, who sold a field, appears here as an example, and becomes a central figure later.

Read Acts 4 (World English Bible)

Who’s in this chapter

Simon Peter

Speaks boldly before the council.

John

With Peter before the council.

The lame man

Standing with them as the proof.

Annas

Named as high priest.

Caiaphas

The current high priest.

The Sadducees

Annoyed that they preach resurrection.

The council

Rulers, elders, and scribes who confer privately.

The believers

Pray together for boldness.

Barnabas

Sells a field and gives the money to the apostles.

Talk it through

  1. The council sees that Peter and John are ordinary and recognizes that they had been with Jesus. What does that say about how courage comes?
  2. "There is no other name." How do you hear it in the setting of a healing and a courtroom?
  3. They pray for boldness, not safety. What does that tell you about what they most wanted?
  4. Barnabas is introduced by his nickname. What does "Son of Encouragement" suggest about who he is?

Read Acts 4

World English Bible

1As they spoke to the people, the priests and the captain of the temple and the Sadducees came to them, 2being upset because they taught the people and proclaimed in Jesus the resurrection from the dead. 3They laid hands on them, and put them in custody until the next day, for it was now evening. 4But many of those who heard the word believed, and the number of the men came to be about five thousand.

5In the morning, their rulers, elders, and scribes were gathered together in Jerusalem. 6Annas the high priest was there, with Caiaphas, John, Alexander, and as many as were relatives of the high priest. 7When they had stood Peter and John in the middle of them, they inquired, “By what power, or in what name, have you done this?”

8Then Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit, said to them, “You rulers of the people, and elders of Israel, 9if we are examined today concerning a good deed done to a crippled man, by what means this man has been healed, 10may it be known to you all, and to all the people of Israel, that in the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, whom you crucified, whom God raised from the dead, this man stands here before you whole in him. 11He is ‘the stone which was regarded as worthless by you, the builders, which has become the head of the corner.’ 12There is salvation in no one else, for there is no other name under heaven that is given among men, by which we must be saved!”

13Now when they saw the boldness of Peter and John, and had perceived that they were unlearned and ignorant men, they marveled. They recognized that they had been with Jesus. 14Seeing the man who was healed standing with them, they could say nothing against it. 15But when they had commanded them to go aside out of the council, they conferred among themselves, 16saying, “What shall we do to these men? Because indeed a notable miracle has been done through them, as can be plainly seen by all who dwell in Jerusalem, and we can’t deny it. 17But so that this spreads no further among the people, let’s threaten them, that from now on they don’t speak to anyone in this name.” 18They called them, and commanded them not to speak at all nor teach in the name of Jesus.

19But Peter and John answered them, “Whether it is right in the sight of God to listen to you rather than to God, judge for yourselves, 20for we can’t help telling the things which we saw and heard.”

21When they had further threatened them, they let them go, finding no way to punish them, because of the people; for everyone glorified God for that which was done. 22For the man on whom this miracle of healing was performed was more than forty years old.

23Being let go, they came to their own company and reported all that the chief priests and the elders had said to them. 24When they heard it, they lifted up their voice to God with one accord, and said, “O Lord, you are God, who made the heaven, the earth, the sea, and all that is in them; 25who by the mouth of your servant, David, said,

‘Why do the nations rage, and the peoples plot a vain thing? 26The kings of the earth take a stand, and the rulers take council together, against the Lord, and against his Christ.’

27“For truly, both Herod and Pontius Pilate, with the Gentiles and the people of Israel, were gathered together against your holy servant, Jesus, whom you anointed, 28to do whatever your hand and your council foreordained to happen. 29Now, Lord, look at their threats, and grant to your servants to speak your word with all boldness, 30while you stretch out your hand to heal; and that signs and wonders may be done through the name of your holy Servant Jesus.”

31When they had prayed, the place was shaken where they were gathered together. They were all filled with the Holy Spirit, and they spoke the word of God with boldness. 32The multitude of those who believed were of one heart and soul. Not one of them claimed that anything of the things which he possessed was his own, but they had all things in common. 33With great power, the apostles gave their testimony of the resurrection of the Lord Jesus. Great grace was on them all. 34For neither was there among them any who lacked, for as many as were owners of lands or houses sold them, and brought the proceeds of the things that were sold, 35and laid them at the apostles’ feet, and distribution was made to each, according as anyone had need. 36Joses, who by the apostles was also called Barnabas (which is, being interpreted, Son of Encouragement), a Levite, a man of Cyprus by race, 37having a field, sold it and brought the money and laid it at the apostles’ feet.

Text: World English Bible, Public domain. About our sources