Acts 1
- Who wrote it
- Traditionally Luke, a doctor and companion of Paul
- Who it was for
- Theophilus and other followers of Jesus
- What was happening
- Forty days with the risen Jesus, the ascension, and a twelfth apostle chosen
What’s happening
Luke addresses Theophilus again: his first book told all that Jesus began to do and teach until the day he was taken up, after giving instructions through the Holy Spirit to the apostles he had chosen. To them he presented himself alive after his suffering by many proofs, appearing to them for forty days and speaking about the Kingdom of God. Staying with them, he commands them not to leave Jerusalem but to wait for the promise of the Father: "John indeed baptized in water, but you will be baptized in the Holy Spirit not many days from now." They ask, "Lord, are you at this time restoring the kingdom to Israel?" He says, "It isn't for you to know times or seasons which the Father has set within his own authority. But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you. You will be witnesses to me in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the uttermost parts of the earth." As he says this, he is lifted up and a cloud takes him out of their sight. While they look intently into the sky, two men in white clothing stand beside them: "Why do you stand looking into the sky? This Jesus, who was received up from you into the sky, will come back in the same way as you saw him going into the sky." They return from the Mount of Olives, a Sabbath day's journey away, to Jerusalem, and go to the upper room where they are staying: Peter, John, James, Andrew, Philip, Thomas, Bartholomew, Matthew, James the son of Alphaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas the son of James. All these continue with one accord in prayer with the women, Mary the mother of Jesus, and his brothers. In those days Peter stands up among the believers, about one hundred twenty gathered, and says that the Scripture had to be fulfilled about Judas, who guided those who arrested Jesus, was numbered with them, and obtained a share in this ministry. Judas bought a field with the reward of his wickedness, and falling headlong, burst open in the middle, and all his intestines gushed out; the field was called Akeldama, "field of blood." Peter cites Psalms 69:25 and 109:8: "Let another take his office." It is necessary to choose one of the men who accompanied them all the time from John's baptism until the day he was received up, to become a witness of the resurrection. They put forward two, Joseph called Barsabbas, who was also called Justus, and Matthias, pray, "You, Lord, who know the hearts of all men, show which one of these two you have chosen," and cast lots, and the lot falls on Matthias, who is numbered with the eleven apostles.
Why the setting matters
Acts is the second part of a two-volume work, and this opening picks up where Luke's Gospel ends, with some of the same scenes told again from a different angle. The forty days recall Israel's forty years and Jesus' forty days in the wilderness. The disciples' question about the kingdom shows they still expected a political restoration of Israel, and Jesus does not say no; he redirects them. The verse about "Jerusalem, Judea and Samaria, and the ends of the earth" is often taken as the outline of the book. The ascension is told twice by Luke, at the end of the Gospel and here. A Sabbath day's journey was about three-quarters of a mile. The upper room and the list of the eleven repeat the names in Luke 6, and the believers include women and Jesus' brothers, who did not believe in him earlier (John 7:5). Judas' death is told differently from Matthew 27:3-10, where he hangs himself and the priests buy the field; the two accounts are usually harmonized, but how is debated. The choice of Matthias by lot recalls how priests and others were chosen in the Old Testament, and the twelve is restored because it stands for the twelve tribes. Matthias is not mentioned again in Acts.
Who’s in this chapter
Jesus
Risen; teaches for forty days and ascends.
Simon Peter
Leads the group in choosing a replacement for Judas.
The eleven
The apostles, waiting in Jerusalem.
Mary
Named with the women in the upper room.
Jesus' brothers
His brothers, now among the believers.
Judas Iscariot
His death is told, and his place is filled.
Matthias
Chosen by lot to be numbered with the eleven.
Two men in white
Appear at the ascension.
Talk it through
- The disciples ask about the kingdom, and Jesus talks about the Spirit and witnessing. What is he doing with their question?
- "This Jesus ... will come back in the same way." What would that promise have meant to people who had just watched him leave?
- The group prays and then chooses by lot. What does that tell you about how they made decisions?
- The believers in the upper room include women and Jesus' own brothers. What does that say about who the church was made of?
Read Acts 1
World English Bible
1The first book I wrote, Theophilus, concerned all that Jesus began both to do and to teach, 2until the day in which he was received up, after he had given commandment through the Holy Spirit to the apostles whom he had chosen. 3To these he also showed himself alive after he suffered, by many proofs, appearing to them over a period of forty days, and speaking about God’s Kingdom. 4Being assembled together with them, he commanded them, “Don’t depart from Jerusalem, but wait for the promise of the Father, which you heard from me. 5For John indeed baptized in water, but you will be baptized in the Holy Spirit not many days from now.”
6Therefore when they had come together, they asked him, “Lord, are you now restoring the kingdom to Israel?”
7He said to them, “It isn’t for you to know times or seasons which the Father has set within his own authority. 8But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you. You will be witnesses to me in Jerusalem, in all Judea and Samaria, and to the uttermost parts of the earth.”
9When he had said these things, as they were looking, he was taken up, and a cloud received him out of their sight. 10While they were looking steadfastly into the sky as he went, behold, two men stood by them in white clothing, 11who also said, “You men of Galilee, why do you stand looking into the sky? This Jesus, who was received up from you into the sky, will come back in the same way as you saw him going into the sky.”
12Then they returned to Jerusalem from the mountain called Olivet, which is near Jerusalem, a Sabbath day’s journey away. 13When they had come in, they went up into the upper room where they were staying; that is Peter, John, James, Andrew, Philip, Thomas, Bartholomew, Matthew, James the son of Alphaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas the son of James. 14All these with one accord continued steadfastly in prayer and supplication, along with the women, and Mary the mother of Jesus, and with his brothers.
15In these days, Peter stood up in the middle of the disciples (and the number of names was about one hundred twenty), and said, 16“Brothers, it was necessary that this Scripture should be fulfilled, which the Holy Spirit spoke before by the mouth of David concerning Judas, who was guide to those who took Jesus. 17For he was counted with us, and received his portion in this ministry. 18Now this man obtained a field with the reward for his wickedness, and falling headlong, his body burst open, and all his intestines gushed out. 19It became known to everyone who lived in Jerusalem that in their language that field was called ‘Akeldama,’ that is, ‘The field of blood.’ 20For it is written in the book of Psalms,
‘Let his habitation be made desolate. Let no one dwell in it;’
and,
‘Let another take his office.’
21“Of the men therefore who have accompanied us all the time that the Lord Jesus went in and out among us, 22beginning from the baptism of John, to the day that he was received up from us, of these one must become a witness with us of his resurrection.”
23They put forward two, Joseph called Barsabbas, who was also called Justus, and Matthias. 24They prayed and said, “You, Lord, who know the hearts of all men, show which one of these two you have chosen 25to take part in this ministry and apostleship from which Judas fell away, that he might go to his own place.” 26They drew lots for them, and the lot fell on Matthias, and he was counted with the eleven apostles.
Text: World English Bible, Public domain. About our sources