Acts 16
- Who wrote it
- Traditionally Luke, a doctor and companion of Paul
- Who it was for
- Theophilus and other followers of Jesus
- What was happening
- Timothy joins, Paul crosses to Macedonia, and Lydia and a jailer believe
What’s happening
Paul comes to Derbe and Lystra, where a disciple named Timothy lives, the son of a Jewish woman who believes, but of a Greek father; the brothers at Lystra and Iconium speak well of him. Paul wants him to go with him, and circumcises him because of the Jews who are in those places, for they all know his father is a Greek. As they pass through the cities, they deliver the decrees for observance, and the churches are strengthened in the faith and increase in number daily. They go through the region of Phrygia and Galatia, having been forbidden by the Holy Spirit to speak the word in Asia; when they come opposite Mysia, they try to go into Bithynia, but the Spirit of Jesus does not allow them. Passing by Mysia they come down to Troas, and a vision appears to Paul in the night: a man of Macedonia standing and begging him, "Come over into Macedonia and help us." After he has seen the vision, immediately they seek to go into Macedonia, concluding that God has called them to preach the gospel to them. From here the narrator says "we." Setting sail from Troas, they run a straight course to Samothrace, and the next day to Neapolis, and from there to Philippi, a Roman colony, the foremost city of that part of Macedonia. On the Sabbath day they go outside the city gate by a riverside, where they suppose there is a place of prayer, and sit down and speak to the women who have come together. A certain woman named Lydia, a seller of purple, from the city of Thyatira, one who worships God, listens, and the Lord opens her heart to listen to the things which are spoken by Paul. When she and her household are baptized, she begs them, "If you have judged me to be faithful to the Lord, come into my house, and stay." And she prevails on them. As they go to the place of prayer, a certain girl having a spirit of divination meets them, who brings her masters much gain by fortune-telling. Following Paul and us, she cries out, "These men are servants of the Most High God, who proclaim to you the way of salvation!" She does this for many days, and Paul, becoming greatly annoyed, turns and says to the spirit, "I command you in the name of Jesus Christ to come out of her!" It comes out that very hour. But when her masters see that their hope of gain is gone, they seize Paul and Silas and drag them into the marketplace before the rulers: "These men, being Jews, are agitating our city, and set forth customs which it is not lawful for us to accept or to observe, being Romans." The crowd rises together against them, and the magistrates tear their clothes off and order them to be beaten with rods. When they have laid many stripes on them, they throw them into prison, charging the jailer to keep them safely, who puts them in the inner prison and secures their feet in the stocks. But at midnight Paul and Silas are praying and singing hymns to God, and the prisoners are listening to them. Suddenly there is a great earthquake, so that the foundations of the prison are shaken, and immediately all the doors are opened, and everyone's chains are loosened. The jailer, awakened and seeing the prison doors open, draws his sword and is about to kill himself, supposing the prisoners have escaped. But Paul calls out with a loud voice, "Don't harm yourself, for we are all here!" He calls for lights, rushes in, and trembling for fear falls down before Paul and Silas, brings them out and says, "Sirs, what must I do to be saved?" They say, "Believe in the Lord Jesus Christ, and you will be saved, you and your household." They speak the word of the Lord to him, and to all who are in his house. He takes them the same hour of the night and washes their stripes, and is immediately baptized, he and all his household. He brings them up into his house and sets a meal before them, and rejoices greatly with all his household, having believed in God. When it is day the magistrates send the sergeants, saying, "Let those men go." The jailer reports this to Paul, but Paul says, "They have beaten us publicly, without a trial, men who are Romans, and have cast us into prison. Do they now throw us out secretly? No, most certainly, but let them come themselves and bring us out." The sergeants tell the magistrates, who are afraid when they hear that they are Romans, and they come and beg them, and when they have brought them out, ask them to depart from the city. They go out of the prison, enter into Lydia's house, see the brothers, encourage them, and depart.
Why the setting matters
Timothy's mother was Jewish and his father Greek, so under Jewish custom he was Jewish and uncircumcised; Paul circumcises him so he can work among Jews without a barrier, not because circumcision saves, which fits Paul's flexibility in 1 Corinthians 9:20 and is a different case from Titus (Galatians 2:3-5). The guidance narrative, the Spirit closing doors and the vision of the Macedonian, moves the mission from Asia to Europe; the first "we" appears here (16:10), and many take that as the author joining the party. Philippi was a Roman colony settled by veteran soldiers, with Roman law and privileges, which explains the charge about being Romans and Paul's reply that they are. The "place of prayer" by the river suggests there were too few Jewish men to form a synagogue (which needed ten). Lydia was from Thyatira, known for purple dye and cloth, and a wealthy businesswoman who owned a house; her household is the first European congregation. The slave girl with a "spirit of python" was a medium, and her owners exploited her. Beating with rods was a Roman punishment by lictors, and it was illegal to beat a citizen without trial, which is why the magistrates are alarmed. The earthquake and the jailer's question, "What must I do to be saved?", get an answer that includes his whole household. Paul demands an official escort out, to protect the new church's reputation.
Who’s in this chapter
Paul
Called by a vision to Macedonia; jailed and freed in Philippi.
Silas
Beaten and jailed with Paul.
Timothy
A disciple from Lystra who joins them.
Luke
The narrator, who says "we" from here.
Lydia
A seller of purple whose heart the Lord opened.
The slave girl
Had a spirit of divination.
Her owners
Lose their profit and bring Paul and Silas before the magistrates.
The magistrates
Beat them, then are afraid when they hear Paul is a Roman.
The Philippian jailer
Asks what he must do to be saved, and is baptized with his household.
Talk it through
- The Spirit closes some doors and opens one. What does the story say about how the group knew where to go?
- Lydia's heart is "opened" by the Lord, and she opens her house. How are the two connected?
- Paul and Silas sing in the stocks at midnight. What does that do to the other prisoners and the jailer?
- Paul insists on being brought out personally. Why does he use his citizenship now and not earlier?
Read Acts 16
World English Bible
1He came to Derbe and Lystra: and behold, a certain disciple was there, named Timothy, the son of a Jewess who believed; but his father was a Greek. 2The brothers who were at Lystra and Iconium gave a good testimony about him. 3Paul wanted to have him go out with him, and he took and circumcised him because of the Jews who were in those parts; for they all knew that his father was a Greek. 4As they went on their way through the cities, they delivered the decrees to them to keep which had been ordained by the apostles and elders who were at Jerusalem. 5So the assemblies were strengthened in the faith, and increased in number daily.
6When they had gone through the region of Phrygia and Galatia, they were forbidden by the Holy Spirit to speak the word in Asia. 7When they had come opposite Mysia, they tried to go into Bithynia, but the Spirit didn’t allow them. 8Passing by Mysia, they came down to Troas. 9A vision appeared to Paul in the night. There was a man of Macedonia standing, begging him, and saying, “Come over into Macedonia and help us.” 10When he had seen the vision, immediately we sought to go out to Macedonia, concluding that the Lord had called us to preach the Good News to them. 11Setting sail therefore from Troas, we made a straight course to Samothrace, and the day following to Neapolis; 12and from there to Philippi, which is a city of Macedonia, the foremost of the district, a Roman colony. We were staying some days in this city.
13On the Sabbath day we went outside of the city by a riverside, where we supposed there was a place of prayer, and we sat down and spoke to the women who had come together. 14A certain woman named Lydia, a seller of purple, of the city of Thyatira, one who worshiped God, heard us. The Lord opened her heart to listen to the things which were spoken by Paul. 15When she and her household were baptized, she begged us, saying, “If you have judged me to be faithful to the Lord, come into my house and stay.” So she persuaded us.
16As we were going to prayer, a certain girl having a spirit of divination met us, who brought her masters much gain by fortune telling. 17Following Paul and us, she cried out, “These men are servants of the Most High God, who proclaim to us a way of salvation!” 18She was doing this for many days.
But Paul, becoming greatly annoyed, turned and said to the spirit, “I command you in the name of Jesus Christ to come out of her!” It came out that very hour. 19But when her masters saw that the hope of their gain was gone, they seized Paul and Silas, and dragged them into the marketplace before the rulers. 20When they had brought them to the magistrates, they said, “These men, being Jews, are agitating our city 21and advocate customs which it is not lawful for us to accept or to observe, being Romans.”
22The multitude rose up together against them and the magistrates tore their clothes from them, then commanded them to be beaten with rods. 23When they had laid many stripes on them, they threw them into prison, charging the jailer to keep them safely, 24who, having received such a command, threw them into the inner prison, and secured their feet in the stocks.
25But about midnight Paul and Silas were praying and singing hymns to God, and the prisoners were listening to them. 26Suddenly there was a great earthquake, so that the foundations of the prison were shaken; and immediately all the doors were opened, and everyone’s bonds were loosened. 27The jailer, being roused out of sleep and seeing the prison doors open, drew his sword and was about to kill himself, supposing that the prisoners had escaped. 28But Paul cried with a loud voice, saying, “Don’t harm yourself, for we are all here!”
29He called for lights, sprang in, fell down trembling before Paul and Silas, 30brought them out, and said, “Sirs, what must I do to be saved?”
31They said, “Believe in the Lord Jesus Christ, and you will be saved, you and your household.” 32They spoke the word of the Lord to him, and to all who were in his house.
33He took them the same hour of the night and washed their stripes, and was immediately baptized, he and all his household. 34He brought them up into his house, and set food before them, and rejoiced greatly, with all his household, having believed in God.
35But when it was day, the magistrates sent the sergeants, saying, “Let those men go.”
36The jailer reported these words to Paul, saying, “The magistrates have sent to let you go; now therefore come out and go in peace.”
37But Paul said to them, “They have beaten us publicly without a trial, men who are Romans, and have cast us into prison! Do they now release us secretly? No, most certainly, but let them come themselves and bring us out!”
38The sergeants reported these words to the magistrates, and they were afraid when they heard that they were Romans, 39and they came and begged them. When they had brought them out, they asked them to depart from the city. 40They went out of the prison, and entered into Lydia’s house. When they had seen the brothers, they encouraged them, then departed.
Text: World English Bible, Public domain. About our sources