Setting the scene
Who wrote it
Traditionally Matthew
Who it was for
Jewish followers of Jesus
What was happening
Before Pilate, and the crucifixion and burial
Read the full background in the book overview

What’s happening

At daybreak the chief priests and elders bind Jesus and hand him over to Pilate. Judas, seeing Jesus condemned, is seized with remorse and returns the thirty pieces of silver: "I have sinned in that I betrayed innocent blood." The priests answer, "What is that to us? You see to it." He throws the money into the sanctuary and hangs himself, and the priests use it to buy the Potter's Field as a burial place for foreigners, the Field of Blood. Pilate asks Jesus, "Are you the King of the Jews?" "So you say," and Jesus doesn't answer the accusations. As it is the governor's custom to release a prisoner at the feast, Pilate offers the crowd Barabbas, a notorious prisoner, or Jesus. His wife has sent word: "Have nothing to do with that righteous man." The chief priests persuade the crowd to ask for Barabbas. "What then shall I do with Jesus?" "Let him be crucified!" Pilate washes his hands: "I am innocent of this man's blood. You see to it." The people answer, "May his blood be on us and on our children." He releases Barabbas, has Jesus flogged, and hands him over. The soldiers mock him with a scarlet robe, a crown of thorns, and a reed, kneeling, "Hail, King of the Jews!" They force Simon of Cyrene to carry the cross to Golgotha, "the place of a skull." Jesus refuses the wine mixed with gall, is crucified between two robbers, and his clothes are divided by lot; above his head is written "This is Jesus, the King of the Jews." Passersby, the chief priests, scribes, and elders mock him: "He saved others; he can't save himself." From noon until three, darkness covers the land. About three he cries, "Eli, Eli, lema sabachthani?" ("My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?"), and some bystanders think he is calling Elijah. Jesus cries out again and gives up his spirit. The temple veil is torn in two from top to bottom, the earth shakes, rocks split, and tombs open; many holy people are raised and appear in the city after his resurrection. The centurion and his men are terrified: "Truly this was the Son of God." Women who followed him from Galilee watch from a distance, among them Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James and Joses, and the mother of Zebedee's sons. In the evening Joseph of Arimathea, a rich disciple, asks Pilate for the body, wraps it in clean linen, and lays it in his own new tomb cut out of rock, rolling a great stone across the entrance. The next day the chief priests and Pharisees ask Pilate to secure the tomb until the third day, so the disciples can't steal the body. Pilate says, "You have a guard. Go, make it as secure as you can." They seal the stone and set the guard.

Why the setting matters

Pilate was prefect of Judea from about AD 26 to 36. He lived on the coast at Caesarea and came to Jerusalem at festivals, when crowds could turn dangerous. Roman governors held the power of execution. A custom of freeing a prisoner at the feast isn't mentioned outside the Gospels, and whether it existed is debated. "Barabbas" means "son of the father" in Aramaic, and some early manuscripts give his name as "Jesus Barabbas." Washing hands to declare innocence follows Deuteronomy 21:6-9. The crowd's cry in 27:25 appears only in Matthew and has a painful history: it has been used to blame all Jewish people for Jesus' death, which is a misreading. Jesus and all his first followers were Jews; Matthew's own story names Pilate, who gave the order, and Roman soldiers, who carried it out; and the people crying out are a crowd in Jerusalem, not a people for all time. Crucifixion was Rome's punishment for slaves and rebels; victims were flogged first and usually carried the crossbeam. Golgotha is Aramaic for "skull," and wine mixed with gall was a drink offered to dull pain. The darkness at noon recalls Amos 8:9. Jesus' cry opens Psalm 22, which moves from abandonment to trust; whether the whole psalm is in view is debated. The bystanders hear "Eli" as "Elijah." Matthew doesn't say which temple curtain tore, and the raising of the saints appears only in Matthew and has been read both literally and symbolically. The centurion commanded about a hundred soldiers; whether his "Son of God" means more than "a son of God" in the emperor's sense is debated. The saying Matthew attributes to Jeremiah in 27:9 draws mostly on Zechariah 11:12-13, with echoes of Jeremiah's field and potter scenes; why Matthew names only Jeremiah is debated. Rock-cut tombs closed by a rolling stone were typical of wealthy families, and the law required burial before sundown (Deuteronomy 21:22-23). Pilate's "You have a guard" can also be read "Take a guard," and whether the guard was Roman or from the temple is debated.

Read Matthew 27 (World English Bible)

Who’s in this chapter

Pontius Pilate

Roman governor who finds no fault and still orders the crucifixion.

Pilate's wife

Warns Pilate about "that righteous man" after a dream.

Barabbas

A notorious prisoner released in Jesus' place.

Judas Iscariot

Fills with remorse, returns the silver, and takes his own life.

The chief priests and elders

Hand Jesus to Pilate and press for his death.

The Roman soldiers

Flog, mock, and crucify Jesus, and later guard the tomb.

Simon of Cyrene

A passerby forced to carry the cross.

The centurion at the cross

The Roman officer who says, "Truly this was the Son of God."

Mary Magdalene

Watches from a distance, then sits by the tomb.

Mary, mother of James and Joses

Another Mary among the women at the cross and the tomb.

The mother of Zebedee's sons

Among the women watching from afar.

Joseph of Arimathea

A rich disciple who gives his own tomb.

The crowds

Shout for Barabbas and for crucifixion.

Talk it through

  1. Judas feels remorse and the leaders say "you see to it." What does that show about their response?
  2. Pilate declares himself innocent and still orders the execution. What does the washing of hands accomplish, and what doesn't it?
  3. The crowd's cry in 27:25 has been misused against Jewish people. How would you read it within the story as Matthew tells it?
  4. The centurion and the soldiers say "Truly this was the Son of God" after the signs. What did they see?

Read Matthew 27

World English Bible

1Now when morning had come, all the chief priests and the elders of the people took counsel against Jesus to put him to death: 2and they bound him, and led him away, and delivered him up to Pontius Pilate, the governor. 3Then Judas, who betrayed him, when he saw that Jesus was condemned, felt remorse, and brought back the thirty pieces of silver to the chief priests and elders, 4saying, “I have sinned in that I betrayed innocent blood.”

But they said, “What is that to us? You see to it.”

5He threw down the pieces of silver in the sanctuary, and departed. He went away and hanged himself. 6The chief priests took the pieces of silver, and said, “It’s not lawful to put them into the treasury, since it is the price of blood.” 7They took counsel, and bought the potter’s field with them, to bury strangers in. 8Therefore that field was called “The Field of Blood” to this day. 9Then that which was spoken through Jeremiah the prophet was fulfilled, saying,

“They took the thirty pieces of silver, the price of him upon whom a price had been set, whom some of the children of Israel priced, 10and they gave them for the potter’s field, as the Lord commanded me.”

11Now Jesus stood before the governor: and the governor asked him, saying, “Are you the King of the Jews?”

Jesus said to him, “So you say.”

12When he was accused by the chief priests and elders, he answered nothing. 13Then Pilate said to him, “Don’t you hear how many things they testify against you?”

14He gave him no answer, not even one word, so that the governor marveled greatly.

15Now at the feast the governor was accustomed to release to the multitude one prisoner, whom they desired. 16They had then a notable prisoner, called Barabbas. 17When therefore they were gathered together, Pilate said to them, “Whom do you want me to release to you? Barabbas, or Jesus, who is called Christ?” 18For he knew that because of envy they had delivered him up.

19While he was sitting on the judgment seat, his wife sent to him, saying, “Have nothing to do with that righteous man, for I have suffered many things today in a dream because of him.”

20Now the chief priests and the elders persuaded the multitudes to ask for Barabbas, and destroy Jesus. 21But the governor answered them, “Which of the two do you want me to release to you?”

They said, “Barabbas!”

22Pilate said to them, “What then shall I do to Jesus, who is called Christ?”

They all said to him, “Let him be crucified!”

23But the governor said, “Why? What evil has he done?”

But they cried out exceedingly, saying, “Let him be crucified!”

24So when Pilate saw that nothing was being gained, but rather that a disturbance was starting, he took water, and washed his hands before the multitude, saying, “I am innocent of the blood of this righteous person. You see to it.”

25All the people answered, “May his blood be on us, and on our children!”

26Then he released to them Barabbas, but Jesus he flogged and delivered to be crucified. 27Then the governor’s soldiers took Jesus into the Praetorium, and gathered the whole garrison together against him. 28They stripped him, and put a scarlet robe on him. 29They braided a crown of thorns and put it on his head, and a reed in his right hand; and they kneeled down before him, and mocked him, saying, “Hail, King of the Jews!” 30They spat on him, and took the reed and struck him on the head. 31When they had mocked him, they took the robe off him, and put his clothes on him, and led him away to crucify him.

32As they came out, they found a man of Cyrene, Simon by name, and they compelled him to go with them, that he might carry his cross. 33When they came to a place called “Golgotha”, that is to say, “The place of a skull,” 34they gave him sour wine to drink mixed with gall. When he had tasted it, he would not drink. 35When they had crucified him, they divided his clothing among them, casting lots, 36and they sat and watched him there. 37They set up over his head the accusation against him written, “THIS IS JESUS, THE KING OF THE JEWS.”

38Then there were two robbers crucified with him, one on his right hand and one on the left. 39Those who passed by blasphemed him, wagging their heads, 40and saying, “You who destroy the temple, and build it in three days, save yourself! If you are the Son of God, come down from the cross!”

41Likewise the chief priests also mocking, with the scribes, the Pharisees, and the elders, said, 42“He saved others, but he can’t save himself. If he is the King of Israel, let him come down from the cross now, and we will believe in him. 43He trusts in God. Let God deliver him now, if he wants him; for he said, ‘I am the Son of God.’ ” 44The robbers also who were crucified with him cast on him the same reproach.

45Now from the sixth hour there was darkness over all the land until the ninth hour. 46About the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, “Eli, Eli, lima sabachthani?” That is, “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?”

47Some of them who stood there, when they heard it, said, “This man is calling Elijah.”

48Immediately one of them ran, and took a sponge, and filled it with vinegar, and put it on a reed, and gave him a drink. 49The rest said, “Let him be. Let’s see whether Elijah comes to save him.”

50Jesus cried again with a loud voice, and yielded up his spirit. 51Behold, the veil of the temple was torn in two from the top to the bottom. The earth quaked and the rocks were split. 52The tombs were opened, and many bodies of the saints who had fallen asleep were raised; 53and coming out of the tombs after his resurrection, they entered into the holy city and appeared to many. 54Now the centurion, and those who were with him watching Jesus, when they saw the earthquake, and the things that were done, feared exceedingly, saying, “Truly this was the Son of God.”

55Many women were there watching from afar, who had followed Jesus from Galilee, serving him. 56Among them were Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James and Joses, and the mother of the sons of Zebedee. 57When evening had come, a rich man from Arimathaea, named Joseph, who himself was also Jesus’ disciple came. 58This man went to Pilate, and asked for Jesus’ body. Then Pilate commanded the body to be given up. 59Joseph took the body, and wrapped it in a clean linen cloth, 60and laid it in his own new tomb, which he had cut out in the rock, and he rolled a great stone against the door of the tomb, and departed. 61Mary Magdalene was there, and the other Mary, sitting opposite the tomb. 62Now on the next day, which was the day after the Preparation Day, the chief priests and the Pharisees were gathered together to Pilate, 63saying, “Sir, we remember what that deceiver said while he was still alive: ‘After three days I will rise again.’ 64Command therefore that the tomb be made secure until the third day, lest perhaps his disciples come at night and steal him away, and tell the people, ‘He is risen from the dead;’ and the last deception will be worse than the first.”

65Pilate said to them, “You have a guard. Go, make it as secure as you can.” 66So they went with the guard and made the tomb secure, sealing the stone.

Text: World English Bible, Public domain. About our sources