Setting the scene
Who wrote it
Traditionally Matthew
Who it was for
Jewish followers of Jesus
What was happening
Herod's banquet, then a crowd fed beside the lake
Read the full background in the book overview

What’s happening

Herod Antipas, ruler of Galilee, hears about Jesus and says it must be John the Baptist raised from the dead. Matthew explains: Herod had arrested John for saying it was unlawful for him to have his brother Philip's wife Herodias. At Herod's birthday banquet, Herodias's daughter dances, and Herod swears to give her whatever she asks. Prompted by her mother, she asks for John's head on a platter. Herod is distressed, but because of his oath and his guests, he has John beheaded. John's disciples bury him and tell Jesus. Jesus withdraws by boat to a quiet place, but the crowds follow on foot. He has compassion and heals their sick. In the evening the disciples suggest sending everyone away to buy food; Jesus says, "You give them something to eat." With five loaves and two fish he looks up, blesses, breaks, and gives to the disciples to distribute. All eat and are satisfied, and twelve baskets of leftovers remain, from about five thousand men, besides women and children. He sends the disciples across the lake, dismisses the crowds, and goes up a mountain to pray. In the fourth watch of the night, with the boat battered by wind, he comes to them walking on the sea. They cry out in fear; he says, "Take heart! It is I. Don't be afraid." Peter asks to come to him on the water, steps out, notices the wind, and begins to sink; Jesus catches him: "You of little faith, why did you doubt?" When they get into the boat the wind stops, and the disciples worship him: "Truly you are the Son of God." At Gennesaret, people bring all their sick, who are healed by touching the fringe of his cloak.

Why the setting matters

Herod Antipas was a son of Herod the Great, appointed by Rome as tetrarch (ruler of a quarter) of Galilee and Perea; Matthew calls him tetrarch at first, then king, as people did. The historian Josephus places John's imprisonment at the fortress of Machaerus; Matthew doesn't say where. Herodias had been married to Antipas's half-brother and was also his niece, and the law forbade marrying a brother's wife (Leviticus 18:16, 20:21). Banquets were public contests of honor, which is why Herod keeps an oath he regrets. The Romans divided the night into four watches, so the fourth was roughly 3 to 6 a.m. The Sea of Galilee is ringed by hills, so strong winds drop down onto it without warning. In Israel's Scriptures, God alone "treads on the waves of the sea" (Job 9:8). Matthew counts only the men at the feeding, so the crowd may have been far larger than five thousand.

Read Matthew 14 (World English Bible)

Who’s in this chapter

Herod Antipas

Rules Galilee for Rome, and keeps an oath he regrets because his guests are watching.

Herodias

Holds a grudge against John for criticizing her marriage, and uses her daughter to act on it.

Herodias's daughter

Unnamed in Matthew; the historian Josephus calls her Salome.

John the Baptist

Killed in prison for telling a ruler the truth; his disciples bury him.

The crowds

Follow Jesus on foot to a lonely place, and are fed there.

The disciples

Told to feed the crowd, then terrified in the boat, then worshiping.

Simon Peter

Asks to walk on the water, then sinks when he notices the wind.

Talk it through

  1. Herod keeps an oath he regrets because his guests are watching. What does that say about the pull of public honor?
  2. Matthew puts John's death right before Jesus withdraws and then feeds the crowd. What might link them?
  3. Jesus says "You give them something to eat," then works with what the disciples bring. What does he ask of them, and what does he do himself?
  4. Peter asks to come to Jesus on the water, then sinks. What do you make of both his request and his fear?

Read Matthew 14

World English Bible

1At that time, Herod the tetrarch heard the report concerning Jesus, 2and said to his servants, “This is John the Baptizer. He is risen from the dead. That is why these powers work in him.” 3For Herod had arrested John, and bound him, and put him in prison for the sake of Herodias, his brother Philip’s wife. 4For John said to him, “It is not lawful for you to have her.” 5When he would have put him to death, he feared the multitude, because they counted him as a prophet. 6But when Herod’s birthday came, the daughter of Herodias danced among them and pleased Herod. 7Whereupon he promised with an oath to give her whatever she should ask. 8She, being prompted by her mother, said, “Give me here on a platter the head of John the Baptizer.”

9The king was grieved, but for the sake of his oaths, and of those who sat at the table with him, he commanded it to be given, 10and he sent and beheaded John in the prison. 11His head was brought on a platter, and given to the young lady; and she brought it to her mother. 12His disciples came, and took the body, and buried it. Then they went and told Jesus. 13Now when Jesus heard this, he withdrew from there in a boat, to a deserted place apart. When the multitudes heard it, they followed him on foot from the cities.

14Jesus went out, and he saw a great multitude. He had compassion on them, and healed their sick. 15When evening had come, his disciples came to him, saying, “This place is deserted, and the hour is already late. Send the multitudes away, that they may go into the villages, and buy themselves food.”

16But Jesus said to them, “They don’t need to go away. You give them something to eat.”

17They told him, “We only have here five loaves and two fish.”

18He said, “Bring them here to me.” 19He commanded the multitudes to sit down on the grass; and he took the five loaves and the two fish, and looking up to heaven, he blessed, broke and gave the loaves to the disciples, and the disciples gave to the multitudes. 20They all ate, and were filled. They took up twelve baskets full of that which remained left over from the broken pieces. 21Those who ate were about five thousand men, in addition to women and children.

22Immediately Jesus made the disciples get into the boat, and to go ahead of him to the other side, while he sent the multitudes away. 23After he had sent the multitudes away, he went up into the mountain by himself to pray. When evening had come, he was there alone. 24But the boat was now in the middle of the sea, distressed by the waves, for the wind was contrary. 25In the fourth watch of the night, Jesus came to them, walking on the sea. 26When the disciples saw him walking on the sea, they were troubled, saying, “It’s a ghost!” and they cried out for fear. 27But immediately Jesus spoke to them, saying, “Cheer up! It is I! Don’t be afraid.”

28Peter answered him and said, “Lord, if it is you, command me to come to you on the waters.”

29He said, “Come!”

Peter stepped down from the boat, and walked on the waters to come to Jesus. 30But when he saw that the wind was strong, he was afraid, and beginning to sink, he cried out, saying, “Lord, save me!”

31Immediately Jesus stretched out his hand, took hold of him, and said to him, “You of little faith, why did you doubt?” 32When they got up into the boat, the wind ceased. 33Those who were in the boat came and worshiped him, saying, “You are truly the Son of God!”

34When they had crossed over, they came to the land of Gennesaret. 35When the people of that place recognized him, they sent into all that surrounding region, and brought to him all who were sick; 36and they begged him that they might just touch the fringe of his garment. As many as touched it were made whole.

Text: World English Bible, Public domain. About our sources