Matthew 10
- Who wrote it
- Traditionally Matthew
- Who it was for
- Jewish followers of Jesus
- What was happening
- The twelve sent out to the towns of Israel
What’s happening
Jesus calls twelve disciples and gives them authority to drive out unclean spirits and heal every disease. Matthew lists them as apostles: Simon Peter and his brother Andrew, James and John the sons of Zebedee, Philip, Bartholomew, Thomas, Matthew the tax collector, James son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot, who betrayed him. He sends them only to "the lost sheep of Israel," not to Gentiles or Samaritans, to announce that the kingdom of heaven is near and to heal. They're to take no money, bag, or spare clothes, stay with whoever welcomes them, and shake the dust off their feet where they're rejected. He warns that they go like sheep among wolves: they'll be handed over to councils, flogged in synagogues, and brought before governors and kings, and families will turn against each other. But they need not be afraid. Not even a sparrow falls without the Father, and the hairs on their heads are numbered. He has come to bring a sword, not peace, in families; whoever doesn't take up their cross isn't worthy of him; and whoever loses their life for his sake will find it. Even a cup of cold water given to one of his followers won't go unrewarded.
Why the setting matters
Twelve apostles echo the twelve tribes of Israel, a sign that Jesus is gathering God's people. The list puts Matthew, who had worked for the rulers Rome backed, next to Simon "the Zealot," a name that may mean he was zealous for the law or opposed Roman rule (what it meant then is debated). Samaritans were rivals with their own temple, and Jews returning from Gentile land sometimes shook off its dust. Travelers depended on hospitality. Crucifixion was Rome's punishment for rebels and slaves, who carried the crossbeam themselves, so "take up your cross" was a shocking image. Sparrows were the cheapest meat in the market: two for a small copper coin, a sixteenth of a day's wage.
Who’s in this chapter
The twelve apostles
Given authority and sent out to the towns of Israel.
Simon Peter
Named first in the list.
Matthew
Listed as "the tax collector," the one who worked for the Rome-backed rulers.
Simon the Zealot
Named next to a former tax collector, an unlikely pairing.
Judas Iscariot
Named last, already marked as the one who betrayed Jesus.
Talk it through
- Why might Jesus put a tax collector and a zealot in the same small group?
- He sends them out with almost nothing. What would that teach them, and what would it ask of the towns they visited?
- Jesus says "don't be afraid" three times (10:26, 28, 31). What reasons does he give?
- "Take up your cross" was said before Jesus' own crucifixion. What would the twelve have pictured?
Read Matthew 10
World English Bible
1He called to himself his twelve disciples, and gave them authority over unclean spirits, to cast them out, and to heal every disease and every sickness. 2Now the names of the twelve apostles are these. The first, Simon, who is called Peter; Andrew, his brother; James the son of Zebedee; John, his brother; 3Philip; Bartholomew; Thomas; Matthew the tax collector; James the son of Alphaeus; Lebbaeus, who was also called Thaddaeus; 4Simon the Zealot; and Judas Iscariot, who also betrayed him.
5Jesus sent these twelve out, and commanded them, saying, “Don’t go among the Gentiles, and don’t enter into any city of the Samaritans. 6Rather, go to the lost sheep of the house of Israel. 7As you go, preach, saying, ‘The Kingdom of Heaven is at hand!’ 8Heal the sick, cleanse the lepers, and cast out demons. Freely you received, so freely give. 9Don’t take any gold, silver, or brass in your money belts. 10Take no bag for your journey, neither two coats, nor sandals, nor staff: for the laborer is worthy of his food. 11Into whatever city or village you enter, find out who in it is worthy; and stay there until you go on. 12As you enter into the household, greet it. 13If the household is worthy, let your peace come on it, but if it isn’t worthy, let your peace return to you. 14Whoever doesn’t receive you, nor hear your words, as you go out of that house or that city, shake the dust off your feet. 15Most certainly I tell you, it will be more tolerable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrah in the day of judgment than for that city.
16“Behold, I send you out as sheep among wolves. Therefore be wise as serpents, and harmless as doves. 17But beware of men: for they will deliver you up to councils, and in their synagogues they will scourge you. 18Yes, and you will be brought before governors and kings for my sake, for a testimony to them and to the nations. 19But when they deliver you up, don’t be anxious how or what you will say, for it will be given you in that hour what you will say. 20For it is not you who speak, but the Spirit of your Father who speaks in you.
21“Brother will deliver up brother to death, and the father his child. Children will rise up against parents, and cause them to be put to death. 22You will be hated by all men for my name’s sake, but he who endures to the end will be saved. 23But when they persecute you in this city, flee into the next, for most certainly I tell you, you will not have gone through the cities of Israel until the Son of Man has come.
24“A disciple is not above his teacher, nor a servant above his lord. 25It is enough for the disciple that he be like his teacher, and the servant like his lord. If they have called the master of the house Beelzebul, how much more those of his household! 26Therefore don’t be afraid of them, for there is nothing covered that will not be revealed; and hidden that will not be known. 27What I tell you in the darkness, speak in the light; and what you hear whispered in the ear, proclaim on the housetops. 28Don’t be afraid of those who kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul. Rather, fear him who is able to destroy both soul and body in Gehenna.
29“Aren’t two sparrows sold for an assarion coin? Not one of them falls on the ground apart from your Father’s will, 30but the very hairs of your head are all numbered. 31Therefore don’t be afraid. You are of more value than many sparrows. 32Everyone therefore who confesses me before men, I will also confess him before my Father who is in heaven. 33But whoever denies me before men, I will also deny him before my Father who is in heaven.
34“Don’t think that I came to send peace on the earth. I didn’t come to send peace, but a sword. 35For I came to set a man at odds against his father, and a daughter against her mother, and a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law. 36A man’s foes will be those of his own household. 37He who loves father or mother more than me is not worthy of me; and he who loves son or daughter more than me isn’t worthy of me. 38He who doesn’t take his cross and follow after me, isn’t worthy of me. 39He who seeks his life will lose it; and he who loses his life for my sake will find it. 40He who receives you receives me, and he who receives me receives him who sent me. 41He who receives a prophet in the name of a prophet will receive a prophet’s reward. He who receives a righteous man in the name of a righteous man will receive a righteous man’s reward. 42Whoever gives one of these little ones just a cup of cold water to drink in the name of a disciple, most certainly I tell you he will in no way lose his reward.”
Text: World English Bible, Public domain. About our sources