Matthew 15
- Who wrote it
- Traditionally Matthew
- Who it was for
- Jewish followers of Jesus
- What was happening
- An argument over tradition, then the coast of Tyre and Sidon
What’s happening
Pharisees and scribes come from Jerusalem and ask why Jesus' disciples break the tradition of the elders by not washing their hands before eating. Jesus asks why they break God's commandment for the sake of their tradition. God said to honor father and mother, but they teach that if you say what you'd have given your parents is "a gift to God," you needn't honor them. They have nullified God's word for their tradition. He calls them hypocrites and quotes Isaiah: "This people honors me with their lips, but their heart is far from me." He calls the crowd and says it isn't what goes into the mouth that defiles a person, but what comes out. The disciples say the Pharisees were offended; Jesus replies that every plant the Father hasn't planted will be uprooted, and that they are blind guides. When Peter asks him to explain, Jesus says food passes through the body, but what comes out of the mouth comes from the heart: evil thoughts, murder, adultery, sexual immorality, theft, false testimony, slander. Those defile; eating with unwashed hands does not. Jesus then withdraws to the region of Tyre and Sidon. A Canaanite woman cries out, "Have mercy on me, Lord, Son of David! My daughter is badly tormented by a demon." He doesn't answer her. The disciples urge him to send her away, and he says he was sent only to the lost sheep of Israel. She kneels: "Lord, help me." He says it isn't right to take the children's bread and throw it to the little dogs. She answers, "Yes, Lord, yet even the little dogs eat the crumbs that fall from their masters' table." Jesus says, "Woman, great is your faith! Let it be done for you as you wish," and her daughter is healed that moment. Back beside the Sea of Galilee, Jesus goes up a mountain, where crowds bring the lame, blind, crippled, and mute, and he heals them, and they glorify the God of Israel. Out of compassion for a crowd that has been with him three days, he feeds them with seven loaves and a few small fish. Seven baskets are left over from about four thousand men, besides women and children. He sends the crowds away and goes by boat to the region of Magadan.
Why the setting matters
Handwashing here isn't about germs. The law required priests to wash before serving (Exodus 30:17-21); the Pharisees' "tradition of the elders" carried that kind of purity into ordinary meals. It wasn't a commandment for everyone, which is why Jesus can weigh it against God's word. The saying about "a gift to God" refers to property declared dedicated to God; scholars debate exactly how the practice worked, but Jesus' point is that it was being used to dodge the duty to support one's parents. Tyre and Sidon were Gentile port cities on the Phoenician coast, and "Canaanite" is an old name for the people who lived in the land before Israel, so Matthew's word choice is pointed. Calling a Gentile mother "Son of David" shows she knows who he is. Many households kept small dogs; the word Jesus uses is a diminutive, and whether that softens the saying is debated. The feeding of the four thousand takes place beside the Sea of Galilee, and Matthew says the crowd "glorified the God of Israel," which some readers take as a sign that many in it were Gentiles.
Who’s in this chapter
Scribes, Pharisees, and Sadducees
Pharisees and scribes who traveled from Jerusalem to challenge Jesus on tradition.
Jesus
Defends God's commandment over human tradition, then yields to a mother's persistence.
The disciples
Worried about offending the Pharisees; also urge him to send the woman away.
Simon Peter
Asks Jesus to explain the saying about what defiles.
The Canaanite woman
A Gentile mother who won't be turned away.
The crowds
Brought their sick to him on the mountain, and ate with him for the second time.
Talk it through
- Jesus doesn't throw out tradition itself. When does he say it goes wrong, and what example does he give?
- He says what comes out of the heart is what defiles. Why might that have been unsettling to people who guarded purity carefully?
- The Canaanite woman keeps asking. What do you notice about how she answers what Jesus says?
- Matthew records two feedings of crowds. What might each add to the other?
Read Matthew 15
World English Bible
1Then Pharisees and scribes came to Jesus from Jerusalem, saying, 2“Why do your disciples disobey the tradition of the elders? For they don’t wash their hands when they eat bread.”
3He answered them, “Why do you also disobey the commandment of God because of your tradition? 4For God commanded, ‘Honor your father and your mother,’ and, ‘He who speaks evil of father or mother, let him be put to death.’ 5But you say, ‘Whoever may tell his father or his mother, “Whatever help you might otherwise have gotten from me is a gift devoted to God,” 6he shall not honor his father or mother.’ You have made the commandment of God void because of your tradition. 7You hypocrites! Well did Isaiah prophesy of you, saying,
8‘These people draw near to me with their mouth, and honor me with their lips; but their heart is far from me. 9And in vain do they worship me, teaching as doctrine rules made by men.’ ”
10He summoned the multitude, and said to them, “Hear, and understand. 11That which enters into the mouth doesn’t defile the man; but that which proceeds out of the mouth, this defiles the man.”
12Then the disciples came, and said to him, “Do you know that the Pharisees were offended when they heard this saying?”
13But he answered, “Every plant which my heavenly Father didn’t plant will be uprooted. 14Leave them alone. They are blind guides of the blind. If the blind guide the blind, both will fall into a pit.”
15Peter answered him, “Explain the parable to us.”
16So Jesus said, “Do you also still not understand? 17Don’t you understand that whatever goes into the mouth passes into the belly, and then out of the body? 18But the things which proceed out of the mouth come out of the heart, and they defile the man. 19For out of the heart come evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, sexual sins, thefts, false testimony, and blasphemies. 20These are the things which defile the man; but to eat with unwashed hands doesn’t defile the man.”
21Jesus went out from there, and withdrew into the region of Tyre and Sidon. 22Behold, a Canaanite woman came out from those borders, and cried, saying, “Have mercy on me, Lord, you son of David! My daughter is severely possessed by a demon!”
23But he answered her not a word.
His disciples came and begged him, saying, “Send her away; for she cries after us.”
24But he answered, “I wasn’t sent to anyone but the lost sheep of the house of Israel.”
25But she came and worshiped him, saying, “Lord, help me.”
26But he answered, “It is not appropriate to take the children’s bread and throw it to the dogs.”
27But she said, “Yes, Lord, but even the dogs eat the crumbs which fall from their masters’ table.”
28Then Jesus answered her, “Woman, great is your faith! Be it done to you even as you desire.” And her daughter was healed from that hour.
29Jesus departed from there, and came near to the sea of Galilee; and he went up into the mountain, and sat there. 30Great multitudes came to him, having with them the lame, blind, mute, maimed, and many others, and they put them down at his feet. He healed them, 31so that the multitude wondered when they saw the mute speaking, the injured healed, the lame walking, and the blind seeing—and they glorified the God of Israel.
32Jesus summoned his disciples and said, “I have compassion on the multitude, because they continue with me now three days and have nothing to eat. I don’t want to send them away fasting, or they might faint on the way.”
33The disciples said to him, “Where should we get so many loaves in a deserted place as to satisfy so great a multitude?”
34Jesus said to them, “How many loaves do you have?”
They said, “Seven, and a few small fish.”
35He commanded the multitude to sit down on the ground; 36and he took the seven loaves and the fish. He gave thanks and broke them, and gave to the disciples, and the disciples to the multitudes. 37They all ate, and were filled. They took up seven baskets full of the broken pieces that were left over. 38Those who ate were four thousand men, in addition to women and children. 39Then he sent away the multitudes, got into the boat, and came into the borders of Magdala.
Text: World English Bible, Public domain. About our sources