Matthew 19
- Who wrote it
- Traditionally Matthew
- Who it was for
- Jewish followers of Jesus
- What was happening
- Teaching in Judea beyond the Jordan
What’s happening
Jesus leaves Galilee for the region of Judea beyond the Jordan, and large crowds follow and are healed. The Pharisees test him: "Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife for any cause?" Jesus points back to creation: God made them male and female, and a man will join to his wife and the two become one flesh, so what God has joined, no one should separate. They ask why Moses then commanded a certificate of divorce. He says Moses allowed it because of their hard hearts, but from the beginning it wasn't so; whoever divorces his wife, except for sexual immorality, and marries another commits adultery. The disciples say that if that's the case it's better not to marry. Jesus says not everyone can accept this, and speaks of those who are eunuchs from birth, by others' hands, or for the sake of the kingdom. Children are brought to him for a blessing, and when the disciples rebuke the people, Jesus says, "Let the little children come to me... for the kingdom of heaven belongs to such as these," and blesses them. A young man asks what good thing he must do to have eternal life. Jesus tells him to keep the commandments and lists several; the man says he has kept them and asks what he still lacks. "If you want to be complete, go, sell what you own, give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven; then come, follow me." The young man goes away sad, because he had great wealth. Jesus says it's hard for a rich person to enter the kingdom, easier for a camel to go through a needle's eye. The disciples are astonished: "Who then can be saved?" "With people this is impossible, but with God all things are possible." Peter asks what they'll get for leaving everything. Jesus promises that in the renewal, when the Son of Man sits on his glorious throne, the twelve will sit on twelve thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel, and everyone who has left home or family for his name will receive a hundredfold and eternal life. "But many who are first will be last, and the last first."
Why the setting matters
The Pharisees' question reflects a live debate over Deuteronomy 24:1, usually linked with the schools of Shammai (a narrow reading) and Hillel (a broad one). Divorce was initiated by the husband, and the certificate protected a divorced woman's right to remarry. Jesus appeals to creation rather than to Moses. The exception clause ("except for sexual immorality") appears only in Matthew (also 5:32), and exactly what it covers is debated. In that world a eunuch was often stigmatized and was excluded from the assembly in Deuteronomy 23:1, though Isaiah 56:3-5 promises such people a place in God's house. Children had little status. Matthew calls the questioner a young man, not a ruler. Wealth was often read as a sign of God's blessing, which is why the disciples are astonished. The camel was the largest animal people knew in Palestine, so the saying is deliberate exaggeration; the story of a small Jerusalem gate called "the needle's eye" is a later tradition without early evidence. "Renewal" (palingenesia) means a fresh start, and the twelve thrones echo the twelve tribes.
Who’s in this chapter
Scribes, Pharisees, and Sadducees
Test Jesus with a question that divides their own schools.
The children
Brought to Jesus for a blessing, over the disciples' objection.
The rich young man
Keeps the commandments and still asks what he lacks, then leaves sad.
The disciples
Astonished by what he says about marriage and about wealth.
Simon Peter
Asks what they will get for leaving everything.
Talk it through
- Jesus answers a question about divorce by pointing back to creation. What does that move do to the debate over "any cause"?
- The disciples blurt out, "then it's better not to marry." What does that show about how heavy Jesus' answer felt?
- The young man has kept the commandments and still asks what he lacks. What do you make of Jesus' answer, and why did he go away sad?
- "With people this is impossible, but with God all things are possible." What impossible thing is Jesus talking about?
Read Matthew 19
World English Bible
1When Jesus had finished these words, he departed from Galilee, and came into the borders of Judea beyond the Jordan. 2Great multitudes followed him, and he healed them there. 3Pharisees came to him, testing him, and saying, “Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife for any reason?”
4He answered, “Haven’t you read that he who made them from the beginning made them male and female, 5and said, ‘For this cause a man shall leave his father and mother, and shall be joined to his wife; and the two shall become one flesh?’ 6So that they are no more two, but one flesh. What therefore God has joined together, don’t let man tear apart.”
7They asked him, “Why then did Moses command us to give her a certificate of divorce, and divorce her?”
8He said to them, “Moses, because of the hardness of your hearts, allowed you to divorce your wives, but from the beginning it has not been so. 9I tell you that whoever divorces his wife, except for sexual immorality, and marries another, commits adultery; and he who marries her when she is divorced commits adultery.”
10His disciples said to him, “If this is the case of the man with his wife, it is not expedient to marry.”
11But he said to them, “Not all men can receive this saying, but those to whom it is given. 12For there are eunuchs who were born that way from their mother’s womb, and there are eunuchs who were made eunuchs by men; and there are eunuchs who made themselves eunuchs for the Kingdom of Heaven’s sake. He who is able to receive it, let him receive it.”
13Then little children were brought to him, that he should lay his hands on them and pray; and the disciples rebuked them. 14But Jesus said, “Allow the little children, and don’t forbid them to come to me; for the Kingdom of Heaven belongs to ones like these.” 15He laid his hands on them, and departed from there.
16Behold, one came to him and said, “Good teacher, what good thing shall I do, that I may have eternal life?”
17He said to him, “Why do you call me good? No one is good but one, that is, God. But if you want to enter into life, keep the commandments.”
18He said to him, “Which ones?”
Jesus said, “ ‘You shall not murder.’ ‘You shall not commit adultery.’ ‘You shall not steal.’ ‘You shall not offer false testimony.’ 19‘Honor your father and your mother.’ And, ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’ ”
20The young man said to him, “All these things I have observed from my youth. What do I still lack?”
21Jesus said to him, “If you want to be perfect, go, sell what you have, and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven; and come, follow me.” 22But when the young man heard the saying, he went away sad, for he was one who had great possessions. 23Jesus said to his disciples, “Most certainly I say to you, a rich man will enter into the Kingdom of Heaven with difficulty. 24Again I tell you, it is easier for a camel to go through a needle’s eye, than for a rich man to enter into God’s Kingdom.”
25When the disciples heard it, they were exceedingly astonished, saying, “Who then can be saved?”
26Looking at them, Jesus said, “With men this is impossible, but with God all things are possible.”
27Then Peter answered, “Behold, we have left everything, and followed you. What then will we have?”
28Jesus said to them, “Most certainly I tell you that you who have followed me, in the regeneration when the Son of Man will sit on the throne of his glory, you also will sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel. 29Everyone who has left houses, or brothers, or sisters, or father, or mother, or wife, or children, or lands, for my name’s sake, will receive one hundred times, and will inherit eternal life. 30But many will be last who are first; and first who are last.
Text: World English Bible, Public domain. About our sources