John 1
- Who wrote it
- Traditionally John, the son of Zebedee
- Who it was for
- Followers of Jesus, Jewish and Gentile
- What was happening
- In the beginning was the Word, and a witness points to him by the Jordan
What’s happening
John begins not with a birth but before creation: "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. The same was in the beginning with God. All things were made through him." In him was life, and the life was the light of men; the light shines in the darkness, and the darkness has not overcome it. A man sent from God, whose name was John, came as a witness to the light, though he was not the light. The true light, which gives light to everyone, was coming into the world. "He was in the world, and the world was made through him, and the world didn't recognize him. He came to his own, and those who were his own didn't receive him. But as many as received him, to them he gave the right to become God's children, to those who believe in his name." Then: "The Word became flesh, and lived among us. We saw his glory, such glory as of the only born of the Father, full of grace and truth." John testifies, "This was he of whom I said, 'He who comes after me has surpassed me, for he was before me.'" "For the law was given through Moses. Grace and truth were realized through Jesus Christ. No one has seen God at any time. The only born Son, who is in the bosom of the Father, has declared him." Priests and Levites come from Jerusalem to ask John, "Who are you?" He says, "I am not the Christ." "Are you Elijah?" "I am not." "Are you the prophet?" "No." "What do you say about yourself?" "I am the voice of one crying in the wilderness, 'Make straight the way of the Lord,' as Isaiah the prophet said." This is at Bethany beyond the Jordan, where John is baptizing. The next day, seeing Jesus coming, he says, "Behold, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world!" He says he saw the Spirit descending like a dove and remaining on him, and that the one who sent him to baptize told him, "On whomever you will see the Spirit descending and remaining on him, this is he who baptizes in the Holy Spirit." "I have seen, and have testified that this is the Son of God." The next day two of John's disciples hear him say, "Behold, the Lamb of God!" and follow Jesus. He asks, "What are you looking for?" "Rabbi, where are you staying?" "Come, and see." One of them is Andrew, Simon Peter's brother, who finds his brother Simon: "We have found the Messiah!" Jesus looks at Simon and says, "You are Simon the son of John. You shall be called Cephas" (which means Peter). The next day Jesus finds Philip, from Bethsaida, the town of Andrew and Peter: "Follow me." Philip finds Nathanael: "We have found him, of whom Moses in the law, and the prophets, wrote: Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph." Nathanael says, "Can any good thing come out of Nazareth?" Philip says, "Come and see." Jesus says of Nathanael, "Behold, an Israelite indeed, in whom is no deceit!" He says he saw him under the fig tree, and Nathanael answers, "Rabbi, you are the Son of God! You are King of Israel!" Jesus says, "You will see greater things than these. ... Most certainly, I tell you all, hereafter you will see heaven opened, and the angels of God ascending and descending on the Son of Man."
Why the setting matters
John opens with the same words as Genesis, "In the beginning," and then makes a claim the other Gospels leave unstated: the one who walks among them was there before creation. "Word" (logos) was a rich term in the Greek world, for the reason or order behind things, and in the Jewish world it recalls God speaking creation into being and the "word" that Wisdom embodies. "Lived among us" translates a verb that literally means "pitched a tent," and recalls the tabernacle where God's glory dwelt in the wilderness (Exodus 25:8). The prologue is often read as a poem, with the prose about John inserted. John's picture of the Baptist is different from the other Gospels: he is a witness who denies being the Christ, Elijah, or the prophet, and describes himself by Isaiah 40:3. "Lamb of God" can recall the Passover lamb, the lamb of Isaiah 53, or both; which John intends is debated. Bethany beyond the Jordan is a place nobody has been able to fix; the location is debated, as is the reading "Bethany" or "Bethabara" in some manuscripts. "Rabbi" means "teacher," and "Messiah" is Hebrew for "anointed," translated "Christ." Nathanael's scorn about Nazareth shows what a small place it was; Jesus' promise about "angels ascending and descending" echoes Jacob's dream at Bethel (Genesis 28:12), with the Son of Man as the ladder.
Who’s in this chapter
Jesus
The Word made flesh; called the Lamb of God, Messiah, Son of God.
John the Baptist
A witness to the light who says he is only a voice.
Andrew
One of John's disciples; he brings his brother Simon.
Simon Peter
Named Simon son of John, and renamed Cephas.
Philip
From Bethsaida; called by Jesus.
Nathanael
A skeptic about Nazareth who confesses Jesus as King of Israel.
Priests and Levites
Sent from Jerusalem to ask John who he is.
Talk it through
- John opens before creation, not at Bethlehem. What does that change about how you read the rest?
- John says over and over that he is not the Christ. What does he think his job is?
- "Come and see" is Jesus' invitation and Philip's answer to Nathanael's doubt. What does that say about how faith begins?
- The Word became flesh, "pitched a tent." What does it mean that God's glory lives among people in a tent?
Read John 1
World English Bible
1In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. 2The same was in the beginning with God. 3All things were made through him. Without him, nothing was made that has been made. 4In him was life, and the life was the light of men. 5The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness hasn’t overcome it. 6There came a man, sent from God, whose name was John. 7The same came as a witness, that he might testify about the light, that all might believe through him. 8He was not the light, but was sent that he might testify about the light. 9The true light that enlightens everyone was coming into the world.
10He was in the world, and the world was made through him, and the world didn’t recognize him. 11He came to his own, and those who were his own didn’t receive him. 12But as many as received him, to them he gave the right to become God’s children, to those who believe in his name: 13who were born not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God. 14The Word became flesh, and lived among us. We saw his glory, such glory as of the one and only Son of the Father, full of grace and truth. 15John testified about him. He cried out, saying, “This was he of whom I said, ‘He who comes after me has surpassed me, for he was before me.’ ” 16From his fullness we all received grace upon grace. 17For the law was given through Moses. Grace and truth were realized through Jesus Christ. 18No one has seen God at any time. The one and only Son, who is in the bosom of the Father, has declared him.
19This is John’s testimony, when the Jews sent priests and Levites from Jerusalem to ask him, “Who are you?”
20He declared, and didn’t deny, but he declared, “I am not the Christ.”
21They asked him, “What then? Are you Elijah?”
He said, “I am not.”
“Are you the prophet?”
He answered, “No.”
22They said therefore to him, “Who are you? Give us an answer to take back to those who sent us. What do you say about yourself?”
23He said, “I am the voice of one crying in the wilderness, ‘Make straight the way of the Lord,’ as Isaiah the prophet said.”
24The ones who had been sent were from the Pharisees. 25They asked him, “Why then do you baptize, if you are not the Christ, nor Elijah, nor the prophet?”
26John answered them, “I baptize in water, but among you stands one whom you don’t know. 27He is the one who comes after me, who is preferred before me, whose sandal strap I’m not worthy to loosen.” 28These things were done in Bethany beyond the Jordan, where John was baptizing.
29The next day, he saw Jesus coming to him, and said, “Behold, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world! 30This is he of whom I said, ‘After me comes a man who is preferred before me, for he was before me.’ 31I didn’t know him, but for this reason I came baptizing in water: that he would be revealed to Israel.” 32John testified, saying, “I have seen the Spirit descending like a dove out of heaven, and it remained on him. 33I didn’t recognize him, but he who sent me to baptize in water said to me, ‘On whomever you will see the Spirit descending and remaining on him is he who baptizes in the Holy Spirit.’ 34I have seen, and have testified that this is the Son of God.”
35Again, the next day, John was standing with two of his disciples, 36and he looked at Jesus as he walked, and said, “Behold, the Lamb of God!” 37The two disciples heard him speak, and they followed Jesus. 38Jesus turned and saw them following, and said to them, “What are you looking for?”
They said to him, “Rabbi” (which is to say, being interpreted, Teacher), “where are you staying?”
39He said to them, “Come, and see.”
They came and saw where he was staying, and they stayed with him that day. It was about the tenth hour. 40One of the two who heard John and followed him was Andrew, Simon Peter’s brother. 41He first found his own brother, Simon, and said to him, “We have found the Messiah!” (which is, being interpreted, Christ). 42He brought him to Jesus. Jesus looked at him, and said, “You are Simon the son of Jonah. You shall be called Cephas” (which is by interpretation, Peter). 43On the next day, he was determined to go out into Galilee, and he found Philip. Jesus said to him, “Follow me.” 44Now Philip was from Bethsaida, of the city of Andrew and Peter. 45Philip found Nathanael, and said to him, “We have found him, of whom Moses in the law, and the prophets, wrote: Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph.”
46Nathanael said to him, “Can any good thing come out of Nazareth?”
Philip said to him, “Come and see.”
47Jesus saw Nathanael coming to him, and said about him, “Behold, an Israelite indeed, in whom is no deceit!”
48Nathanael said to him, “How do you know me?”
Jesus answered him, “Before Philip called you, when you were under the fig tree, I saw you.”
49Nathanael answered him, “Rabbi, you are the Son of God! You are King of Israel!”
50Jesus answered him, “Because I told you, ‘I saw you underneath the fig tree,’ do you believe? You will see greater things than these!” 51He said to him, “Most certainly, I tell you all, hereafter you will see heaven opened, and the angels of God ascending and descending on the Son of Man.”
Text: World English Bible, Public domain. About our sources