Setting the scene
Who wrote it
Traditionally John, the son of Zebedee
Who it was for
Followers of Jesus, Jewish and Gentile
What was happening
A man healed at a pool on the Sabbath, and Jesus speaks of his work with the Father
Read the full background in the book overview

What’s happening

After this there is a feast of the Jews, and Jesus goes up to Jerusalem. By the sheep gate is a pool called Bethesda in Hebrew, with five porches, in which a crowd of sick, blind, lame, and paralyzed people lie. One man has been sick for thirty-eight years. Jesus sees him lying there, knows he has been there a long time, and asks, "Do you want to be made well?" The man answers, "Sir, I have no one to put me into the pool when the water is stirred up, but while I'm coming, another steps down before me." Jesus says, "Arise, take up your mat, and walk." At once the man is made well and takes up his mat and walks. Now it is the Sabbath, and the Jews say to the man who was cured, "It is the Sabbath. It is not lawful for you to carry the mat." He answers, "He who made me well, the same said to me, 'Take up your mat, and walk.'" They ask who it was, but the man doesn't know, for Jesus has slipped away. Later Jesus finds him in the temple: "Behold, you are made well. Sin no more, so that nothing worse happens to you." The man tells the Jews it was Jesus, and they begin persecuting Jesus because he did these things on the Sabbath. He answers, "My Father is still working, so I am working, too." For this the Jews seek all the more to kill him, because he not only broke the Sabbath, but also called God his own Father, making himself equal with God. Jesus says, "Most certainly I tell you, the Son can do nothing of himself, but what he sees the Father doing. For whatever things he does, these the Son also does likewise. For the Father loves the Son, and shows him all things that he himself does. ... For as the Father raises the dead and gives them life, even so the Son also gives life to whom he desires. For the Father judges no one, but he has given all judgment to the Son." "Most certainly I tell you, he who hears my word, and believes him who sent me, has eternal life, and doesn't come into judgment, but has passed out of death into life. ... The hour comes, and now is, when the dead will hear the Son of God's voice, and those who hear will live." He says that all who are in the tombs will hear his voice and come out, "those who have done good, to the resurrection of life; and those who have done evil, to the resurrection of judgment." He speaks of the witnesses to him: John, who bore witness to the truth; the works that the Father gave him to accomplish; the Father himself; and the Scriptures. "You search the Scriptures, because you think that in them you have eternal life; these are they which testify about me. Yet you will not come to me, that you may have life." "Don't think that I will accuse you to the Father. There is one who accuses you, even Moses, in whom you have set your hope. For if you believed Moses, you would believe me; for he wrote about me."

Why the setting matters

The feast is not named; some manuscripts read "the feast," and scholars debate which one it was. Bethesda (also written Bethzatha) was a pair of pools near the Sheep Gate, north of the temple, and excavations have found the remains of a pool with porticoes. Some manuscripts add that an angel stirred the water and the first in was healed (verse 4, with part of verse 3); most scholars think this was a later explanation, since the oldest manuscripts leave it out. Carrying a mat on the Sabbath counted as work under the rules developed from Jeremiah 17:21-22, and the argument starts there. In John, "the Jews" most often means the Jerusalem authorities, not the Jewish people as a whole, since Jesus, his disciples, and the crowds are themselves Jewish. Jesus' defense is that God works even on the Sabbath, as the world goes on and children are born, and by calling God "my Father" he claims a unique relationship, which his hearers rightly take as a claim to equality. The speech that follows is about authority: the Son does what he sees the Father do, gives life, and judges. Jewish law required two or three witnesses to establish a matter (Deuteronomy 19:15), and Jesus lists four. "Search the Scriptures" could be a command or a statement; either way, he says they point to him. Moses "accuses" them because they have set their hope on him as lawgiver.

Read John 5 (World English Bible)

Who’s in this chapter

Jesus

Heals a man on the Sabbath and speaks of the Father and the Son.

The man at the pool

Sick for thirty-eight years; made well, he reports Jesus to the authorities.

The Jews

The authorities who persecute Jesus for what he does on the Sabbath.

John the Baptist

Named as a witness to the truth.

Talk it through

  1. "Do you want to be made well?" seems an odd question to ask. What is Jesus doing by asking it?
  2. The man reports Jesus to the authorities. How do you read that, and what does Jesus say when he finds him?
  3. Jesus says the Son does what he sees the Father doing. What does that say about who he is?
  4. He says the Scriptures testify about him and people won't come. How can someone know the Bible and still miss the point?

Read John 5

World English Bible

1After these things, there was a feast of the Jews, and Jesus went up to Jerusalem. 2Now in Jerusalem by the sheep gate, there is a pool, which is called in Hebrew, “Bethesda”, having five porches. 3In these lay a great multitude of those who were sick, blind, lame, or paralyzed, waiting for the moving of the water; 4for an angel went down at certain times into the pool and stirred up the water. Whoever stepped in first after the stirring of the water was healed of whatever disease he had. 5A certain man was there who had been sick for thirty-eight years. 6When Jesus saw him lying there, and knew that he had been sick for a long time, he asked him, “Do you want to be made well?”

7The sick man answered him, “Sir, I have no one to put me into the pool when the water is stirred up, but while I’m coming, another steps down before me.”

8Jesus said to him, “Arise, take up your mat, and walk.”

9Immediately, the man was made well, and took up his mat and walked.

Now it was the Sabbath on that day. 10So the Jews said to him who was cured, “It is the Sabbath. It is not lawful for you to carry the mat.”

11He answered them, “He who made me well said to me, ‘Take up your mat and walk.’”

12Then they asked him, “Who is the man who said to you, ‘Take up your mat and walk’?”

13But he who was healed didn’t know who it was, for Jesus had withdrawn, a crowd being in the place.

14Afterward Jesus found him in the temple, and said to him, “Behold, you are made well. Sin no more, so that nothing worse happens to you.”

15The man went away, and told the Jews that it was Jesus who had made him well. 16For this cause the Jews persecuted Jesus, and sought to kill him, because he did these things on the Sabbath. 17But Jesus answered them, “My Father is still working, so I am working, too.” 18For this cause therefore the Jews sought all the more to kill him, because he not only broke the Sabbath, but also called God his own Father, making himself equal with God. 19Jesus therefore answered them, “Most certainly, I tell you, the Son can do nothing of himself, but what he sees the Father doing. For whatever things he does, these the Son also does likewise. 20For the Father has affection for the Son, and shows him all things that he himself does. He will show him greater works than these, that you may marvel. 21For as the Father raises the dead and gives them life, even so the Son also gives life to whom he desires. 22For the Father judges no one, but he has given all judgment to the Son, 23that all may honor the Son, even as they honor the Father. He who doesn’t honor the Son doesn’t honor the Father who sent him.

24“Most certainly I tell you, he who hears my word and believes him who sent me has eternal life, and doesn’t come into judgment, but has passed out of death into life. 25Most certainly I tell you, the hour comes, and now is, when the dead will hear the Son of God’s voice; and those who hear will live. 26For as the Father has life in himself, even so he gave to the Son also to have life in himself. 27He also gave him authority to execute judgment, because he is a son of man. 28Don’t marvel at this, for the hour comes in which all who are in the tombs will hear his voice, 29and will come out; those who have done good, to the resurrection of life; and those who have done evil, to the resurrection of judgment. 30I can of myself do nothing. As I hear, I judge, and my judgment is righteous; because I don’t seek my own will, but the will of my Father who sent me.

31“If I testify about myself, my witness is not valid. 32It is another who testifies about me. I know that the testimony which he testifies about me is true. 33You have sent to John, and he has testified to the truth. 34But the testimony which I receive is not from man. However, I say these things that you may be saved. 35He was the burning and shining lamp, and you were willing to rejoice for a while in his light. 36But the testimony which I have is greater than that of John, for the works which the Father gave me to accomplish, the very works that I do, testify about me, that the Father has sent me. 37The Father himself, who sent me, has testified about me. You have neither heard his voice at any time, nor seen his form. 38You don’t have his word living in you, because you don’t believe him whom he sent.

39“You search the Scriptures, because you think that in them you have eternal life; and these are they which testify about me. 40Yet you will not come to me, that you may have life. 41I don’t receive glory from men. 42But I know you, that you don’t have God’s love in yourselves. 43I have come in my Father’s name, and you don’t receive me. If another comes in his own name, you will receive him. 44How can you believe, who receive glory from one another, and you don’t seek the glory that comes from the only God?

45“Don’t think that I will accuse you to the Father. There is one who accuses you, even Moses, on whom you have set your hope. 46For if you believed Moses, you would believe me; for he wrote about me. 47But if you don’t believe his writings, how will you believe my words?”

Text: World English Bible, Public domain. About our sources