Setting the scene
Who wrote it
Traditionally John, the son of Zebedee
Who it was for
Followers of Jesus, Jewish and Gentile
What was happening
The true vine: abiding, friends, and the world's hatred
Read the full background in the book overview

What’s happening

Jesus says, "I am the true vine, and my Father is the farmer. Every branch in me that doesn't bear fruit, he takes away. Every branch that bears fruit, he prunes, that it may bear more fruit. You are already pruned clean because of the word which I have spoken to you. Remain in me, and I in you. As the branch can't bear fruit by itself, unless it remains in the vine, so neither can you, unless you remain in me. I am the vine. You are the branches. He who remains in me, and I in him, the same bears much fruit, for apart from me you can do nothing. If a man doesn't remain in me, he is thrown out as a branch, and is withered; and they gather them, throw them into the fire, and they are burned." "If you remain in me, and my words remain in you, you will ask whatever you desire, and it will be done for you. In this is my Father glorified, that you bear much fruit; and so you will be my disciples. Even as the Father has loved me, I also have loved you. Remain in my love. If you keep my commandments, you will remain in my love; even as I have kept my Father's commandments, and remain in his love. I have spoken these things to you, that my joy may remain in you, and that your joy may be made full." "This is my commandment, that you love one another, even as I have loved you. Greater love has no one than this, that someone lay down his life for his friends. You are my friends, if you do whatever I command you. No longer do I call you servants, for the servant doesn't know what his lord does. But I have called you friends, for everything that I heard from my Father, I have made known to you. You didn't choose me, but I chose you, and appointed you, that you should go and bear fruit, and that your fruit should remain; that whatever you will ask of the Father in my name, he may give it to you. I command these things to you, that you may love one another." "If the world hates you, you know that it has hated me before it hated you. If you were of the world, the world would love its own. But because you are not of the world, but I chose you out of the world, therefore the world hates you. Remember the word that I said to you: 'A servant is not greater than his lord.' If they persecuted me, they will also persecute you. If they kept my word, they will keep yours also. But all these things will they do to you for my name's sake, because they don't know him who sent me." "If I had not come and spoken to them, they would not have had sin; but now they have no excuse for their sin. He who hates me, hates my Father also. ... But this happened so that the word may be fulfilled which was written in their law, 'They hated me without a cause.' When the Counselor has come, whom I will send to you from the Father, the Spirit of truth, who proceeds from the Father, he will testify about me. You will also testify, because you have been with me from the beginning."

Why the setting matters

The vine was a standard picture of Israel in the Old Testament (Isaiah 5:1-7, Psalm 80:8-16, Jeremiah 2:21, Ezekiel 15 and 19), where Israel as vine often fails to bear fruit. Jesus calls himself "the true vine," the faithful Israel, with his disciples as the branches. "Takes away" in verse 2 can also be translated "lifts up," and since the same verb is used in many places for raising up, some argue that the vinedresser lifts fallen branches off the ground to give them light, but the usual reading is removal; it is debated. Pruning ("cleansing") and being "clean" make a word play in Greek. "Remain" or "abide" (menō) is the key word of the chapter, used about ten times; it means to stay, to dwell, to make one's home, and connects to the "many dwelling places" (monai) of chapter 14. Jesus calls them friends, a title for people who share confidences, and Abraham was called "God's friend" (James 2:23). "Lay down his life for his friends" looks forward to the cross. The hatred of the world is about the community's situation of John's time, in a world that rejects the message, and John quotes Psalms 35:19 and 69:4 ("They hated me without cause") as "their law," using "law" for all Scripture. The Counselor's testimony comes alongside the disciples' own, as the setting for their mission.

Read John 15 (World English Bible)

Who’s in this chapter

Jesus

The true vine, who calls his disciples friends.

The disciples

Branches told to remain, to love, and to bear fruit.

Talk it through

  1. "Apart from me you can do nothing." What does Jesus mean, and what doesn't he mean?
  2. He says he has called them friends, not servants. What changes in how we relate to him when we hear that?
  3. "You didn't choose me, but I chose you." How is that meant to comfort?
  4. The disciples are told the world will hate them. Why does Jesus say it now, at the table?

Read John 15

World English Bible

1“I am the true vine, and my Father is the farmer. 2Every branch in me that doesn’t bear fruit, he takes away. Every branch that bears fruit, he prunes, that it may bear more fruit. 3You are already pruned clean because of the word which I have spoken to you. 4Remain in me, and I in you. As the branch can’t bear fruit by itself unless it remains in the vine, so neither can you, unless you remain in me. 5I am the vine. You are the branches. He who remains in me and I in him bears much fruit, for apart from me you can do nothing. 6If a man doesn’t remain in me, he is thrown out as a branch and is withered; and they gather them, throw them into the fire, and they are burned. 7If you remain in me, and my words remain in you, you will ask whatever you desire, and it will be done for you.

8“In this my Father is glorified, that you bear much fruit; and so you will be my disciples. 9Even as the Father has loved me, I also have loved you. Remain in my love. 10If you keep my commandments, you will remain in my love; even as I have kept my Father’s commandments, and remain in his love. 11I have spoken these things to you, that my joy may remain in you, and that your joy may be made full.

12“This is my commandment, that you love one another, even as I have loved you. 13Greater love has no one than this, that someone lay down his life for his friends. 14You are my friends, if you do whatever I command you. 15No longer do I call you servants, for the servant doesn’t know what his lord does. But I have called you friends, for everything that I heard from my Father, I have made known to you. 16You didn’t choose me, but I chose you and appointed you, that you should go and bear fruit, and that your fruit should remain; that whatever you will ask of the Father in my name, he may give it to you.

17“I command these things to you, that you may love one another. 18If the world hates you, you know that it has hated me before it hated you. 19If you were of the world, the world would love its own. But because you are not of the world, since I chose you out of the world, therefore the world hates you. 20Remember the word that I said to you: ‘A servant is not greater than his lord.’ If they persecuted me, they will also persecute you. If they kept my word, they will also keep yours. 21But they will do all these things to you for my name’s sake, because they don’t know him who sent me. 22If I had not come and spoken to them, they would not have had sin; but now they have no excuse for their sin. 23He who hates me, hates my Father also. 24If I hadn’t done among them the works which no one else did, they wouldn’t have had sin. But now they have seen and also hated both me and my Father. 25But this happened so that the word may be fulfilled which was written in their law, ‘They hated me without a cause.’

26“When the Counselor has come, whom I will send to you from the Father, the Spirit of truth, who proceeds from the Father, he will testify about me. 27You will also testify, because you have been with me from the beginning.

Text: World English Bible, Public domain. About our sources