2 Corinthians 5

Setting the scene
Who wrote it
Paul
Who it was for
The church in Corinth
What was happening
Longing for a heavenly home, the love of Christ that compels, and the ministry of reconciliation
Read the full background in the book overview

What’s happening

Paul knows that if the earthly tent they live in is destroyed, they have a building from God, a house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens. Meanwhile they groan, longing to be clothed with their heavenly dwelling, so that what is mortal may be swallowed up by life. God has prepared them for this and has given them the Spirit as a pledge. So they are always confident, knowing that while at home in the body they are away from the Lord, "for we walk by faith, not by sight." They would rather be away from the body and at home with the Lord. Whether at home or away, they aim to please him, "for we must all be revealed before the judgment seat of Christ." Knowing the fear of the Lord, they persuade people. Paul says they are not commending themselves again, but giving the Corinthians cause to be proud on their behalf. "If we are beside ourselves, it is for God; or if we are in our right mind, it is for you. For the love of Christ constrains us; because we judge thus: that one died for all, therefore all died; and he died for all, that those who live should no longer live to themselves, but to him who for their sakes died and rose again." From now on they regard no one according to the flesh; "if any man is in Christ, he is a new creation. The old things have passed away. Behold, all things have become new." All this is from God, who reconciled us to himself through Christ and gave us the ministry of reconciliation, that God was in Christ reconciling the world to himself, not counting their trespasses, and entrusting to us the message of reconciliation. "We are ambassadors on behalf of Christ, as though God were entreating by us: we beg you on Christ's behalf, be reconciled to God. For him who knew no sin he made to be sin on our behalf, so that in him we might become the righteousness of God."

Why the setting matters

Paul knew tents: he was a tentmaker (Acts 18:3), so a body as a "tent" is a natural picture, temporary and easily taken down. What Paul expects between death and resurrection is debated. His language of being "unclothed" (5:3-4) may point to an intermediate state with Christ before the bodily resurrection, or to the exchange of a mortal body for an immortal one at once; he does not spell out the details, and the passage should be read with 1 Corinthians 15. The "judgment seat" (bema) was the raised platform where Roman officials judged, familiar in Corinth, which had one in its forum. In 5:16, "we regard no one according to the flesh" and "even though we have known Christ according to the flesh" are debated; they probably mean judging by outward status, not by the new reality in Christ. "New creation" echoes Isaiah's promise of new heavens and earth (Isaiah 43:18-19; 65:17). The word "reconcile" was used in diplomacy, which fits "ambassadors." "Made him to be sin" is also read as "made him a sin offering" (the Greek word for sin was used for the sin offering in the Old Testament); either way Paul is describing exchange.

Read 2 Corinthians 5 (World English Bible)

Who’s in this chapter

Paul

Longs for the heavenly home and describes the ministry of reconciliation.

Jesus

Died for all, rose again, and was "made sin" on our behalf.

The believers in Corinth

Urged: "be reconciled to God."

Talk it through

  1. Paul says we "walk by faith, not by sight." What does that look like day to day?
  2. "The love of Christ compels us." How does that explain Paul's choices, even strange ones?
  3. What does "new creation" mean for how we see other people, as Paul says, "no longer according to the flesh"?
  4. Paul calls Christians ambassadors who plead, "be reconciled to God." What does the picture of ambassador say about our role?

Read 2 Corinthians 5

World English Bible

1For we know that if the earthly house of our tent is dissolved, we have a building from God, a house not made with hands, eternal, in the heavens. 2For most certainly in this we groan, longing to be clothed with our habitation which is from heaven, 3if indeed being clothed, we will not be found naked. 4For indeed we who are in this tent do groan, being burdened, not that we desire to be unclothed, but that we desire to be clothed, that what is mortal may be swallowed up by life. 5Now he who made us for this very thing is God, who also gave to us the down payment of the Spirit.

6Therefore we are always confident and know that while we are at home in the body, we are absent from the Lord; 7for we walk by faith, not by sight. 8We are courageous, I say, and are willing rather to be absent from the body and to be at home with the Lord. 9Therefore also we make it our aim, whether at home or absent, to be well pleasing to him. 10For we must all be revealed before the judgment seat of Christ that each one may receive the things in the body according to what he has done, whether good or bad.

11Knowing therefore the fear of the Lord, we persuade men, but we are revealed to God, and I hope that we are revealed also in your consciences. 12For we are not commending ourselves to you again, but speak as giving you occasion of boasting on our behalf, that you may have something to answer those who boast in appearance, and not in heart. 13For if we are beside ourselves, it is for God. Or if we are of sober mind, it is for you. 14For the love of Christ constrains us; because we judge thus, that one died for all, therefore all died. 15He died for all, that those who live should no longer live to themselves, but to him who for their sakes died and rose again. 16Therefore we know no one after the flesh from now on. Even though we have known Christ after the flesh, yet now we know him so no more. 17Therefore if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation. The old things have passed away. Behold, all things have become new. 18But all things are of God, who reconciled us to himself through Jesus Christ, and gave to us the ministry of reconciliation; 19namely, that God was in Christ reconciling the world to himself, not reckoning to them their trespasses, and having committed to us the word of reconciliation.

20We are therefore ambassadors on behalf of Christ, as though God were entreating by us: we beg you on behalf of Christ, be reconciled to God. 21For him who knew no sin he made to be sin on our behalf; so that in him we might become the righteousness of God.

Text: World English Bible, Public domain. About our sources