2 Corinthians 1
- Who wrote it
- Paul
- Who it was for
- The church in Corinth
- What was happening
- Paul writes from Macedonia, thanks God for comfort in affliction, and explains why he changed his travel plans
What’s happening
Paul and Timothy greet the church in Corinth and all the saints in Achaia. Paul blesses "the God of all comfort," who comforts us in all our affliction so that we can comfort others with the same comfort. As Christ's sufferings overflow to them, so does comfort. He tells them about the trouble that came to him in Asia: "we were weighed down exceedingly, beyond our power, so much that we despaired even of life," and felt that they had received the sentence of death, so as not to rely on themselves "but on God who raises the dead." God delivered them and will deliver them again, and many prayers will bring thanks. Paul says he can say with a clear conscience that he has behaved with holiness and sincerity from God, not with fleshly wisdom, and that his letters say what they appear to say. He explains his change of plans: he meant to visit them twice, on the way to and from Macedonia, but did not. Was that fickleness, a "yes" that turns into a "no"? As God is faithful, our word to you is not yes and no. Jesus Christ, whom Silvanus, Timothy, and Paul proclaimed, was not yes and no; "for however many the promises of God are, in him is the 'Yes.'" God has anointed, sealed, and given the Spirit as a down payment. Paul calls God as witness that it was to spare them that he did not come again to Corinth: "not that we have lordship over your faith, but are fellow workers with you for your joy."
Why the setting matters
The letter begins in the middle of a strained relationship. Between 1 Corinthians and this letter, Paul seems to have made a short, painful visit (2:1; 12:14; 13:1), then withdrew and wrote a severe letter (2:3-4; 7:8), and then changed his plans for another visit. Some in Corinth accused him of being unreliable, saying one thing and doing another, and Paul answers by pointing to God's faithfulness in Christ rather than defending himself. The "affliction in Asia" is not described. It may refer to the riot in Ephesus (Acts 19:23-41), a serious illness, or imprisonment, and scholars debate which. Paul uses it not to boast but to say that suffering taught him to depend on God, who raises the dead, which prepares the way for the whole letter's theme of power in weakness. The words "anointed," "sealed," and "down payment" use pictures from business and ownership in the ancient world: a seal marked something as belonging to its owner, and a down payment was the first installment that guaranteed the rest.
Who’s in this chapter
Paul
Writes with Timothy, tells of despairing of life in Asia.
Timothy
Named as co-sender; preached in Corinth with Paul and Silvanus.
Silvanus
Preached in Corinth with Paul and Timothy.
The believers in Corinth
Accused Paul of being unreliable; told his word is not yes and no.
Jesus
The "Yes" to all God's promises.
Talk it through
- Paul says God comforts us "so that we can comfort others." How does that change how you see your own hard times?
- Paul admits he "despaired of life." What does his honesty teach about faith under pressure?
- Some accused Paul of being fickle because his plans changed. How should we think about changed plans and trust?
- "In him is the Yes." What does it mean that all God's promises are answered in Christ?
Read 2 Corinthians 1
World English Bible
1Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus through the will of God, and Timothy our brother, to the assembly of God which is at Corinth, with all the saints who are in the whole of Achaia: 2Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.
3Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of mercies and God of all comfort; 4who comforts us in all our affliction, that we may be able to comfort those who are in any affliction, through the comfort with which we ourselves are comforted by God. 5For as the sufferings of Christ abound to us, even so our comfort also abounds through Christ. 6But if we are afflicted, it is for your comfort and salvation. If we are comforted, it is for your comfort, which produces in you the patient enduring of the same sufferings which we also suffer. 7Our hope for you is steadfast, knowing that, since you are partakers of the sufferings, so you are also of the comfort. 8For we don’t desire to have you uninformed, brothers, concerning our affliction which happened to us in Asia, that we were weighed down exceedingly, beyond our power, so much that we despaired even of life. 9Yes, we ourselves have had the sentence of death within ourselves, that we should not trust in ourselves, but in God who raises the dead, 10who delivered us out of so great a death, and does deliver; on whom we have set our hope that he will also still deliver us; 11you also helping together on our behalf by your supplication; that, for the gift given to us by means of many, thanks may be given by many persons on your behalf.
12For our boasting is this: the testimony of our conscience, that in holiness and sincerity of God, not in fleshly wisdom but in the grace of God we behaved ourselves in the world, and more abundantly toward you. 13For we write no other things to you than what you read or even acknowledge, and I hope you will acknowledge to the end, 14as also you acknowledged us in part, that we are your boasting, even as you also are ours, in the day of our Lord Jesus.
15In this confidence, I was determined to come first to you, that you might have a second benefit, 16and by you to pass into Macedonia, and again from Macedonia to come to you, and to be sent forward by you on my journey to Judea. 17When I therefore was thus determined, did I show fickleness? Or the things that I purpose, do I purpose according to the flesh, that with me there should be the “Yes, yes” and the “No, no?” 18But as God is faithful, our word toward you was not “Yes and no.” 19For the Son of God, Jesus Christ, who was preached among you by us, by me, Silvanus, and Timothy, was not “Yes and no,” but in him is “Yes.” 20For however many are the promises of God, in him is the “Yes.” Therefore also through him is the “Amen”, to the glory of God through us.
21Now he who establishes us with you in Christ and anointed us is God, 22who also sealed us, and gave us the down payment of the Spirit in our hearts.
23But I call God for a witness to my soul, that I didn’t come to Corinth to spare you. 24We don’t control your faith, but are fellow workers with you for your joy. For you stand firm in faith.
Text: World English Bible, Public domain. About our sources