2 Corinthians 11
- Who wrote it
- Paul
- Who it was for
- The church in Corinth
- What was happening
- Paul's "foolish" boasting: a jealous love, false apostles, and a list of what he has endured
What’s happening
Paul asks them to put up with a little foolishness from him. "For I am jealous over you with a godly jealousy. For I married you to one husband, that I might present you as a pure virgin to Christ. But I am afraid that somehow, as the serpent deceived Eve in his craftiness, so your minds might be corrupted from the simplicity and the purity that is in Christ." If someone comes and preaches another Jesus, or if they receive a different spirit or a different gospel, they put up with it well enough. He does not consider himself inferior to the "super-apostles"; though unskilled in speech, he is not unskilled in knowledge. He asks if it was a sin to preach God's gospel free of charge, "humbling myself that you might be exalted," robbing other churches by taking support from them to serve the Corinthians, and when he was with them and in need, he did not burden anyone, since the brothers from Macedonia supplied it. He will keep it so, "that I may cut off occasion from those who desire an occasion," so that in what they boast they may be found even as Paul. "For such men are false apostles, deceitful workers, masquerading as apostles of Christ. And no wonder, for even Satan masquerades as an angel of light." Paul asks them again not to think him a fool, but if they do, to receive him as a fool, so that he too may boast a little. Since many boast according to the flesh, he will boast too. They gladly put up with fools, with anyone who enslaves, devours, takes advantage, puts on airs, or strikes them on the face. Whatever anyone dares to boast about, he will too: Hebrews, Israelites, Abraham's descendants, servants of Christ, "I more," with far more labors, far more imprisonments, countless beatings, often near death. Five times he received forty lashes minus one, three times he was beaten with rods, once stoned, three times shipwrecked, a night and a day adrift at sea; on frequent journeys, in danger from rivers, robbers, his own people, Gentiles, in the city, in the wilderness, at sea, and from false brothers; in toil and hardship, through many a sleepless night, hungry and thirsty, often without food, in cold and exposure. Besides all this, the daily pressure of anxiety for all the churches. "Who is weak, and I am not weak? Who is caused to stumble, and I don't burn with indignation?" If he must boast, he will boast of the things that show his weakness, and tells how in Damascus the governor under King Aretas guarded the city to seize him, and he was let down in a basket through a window in the wall and escaped his hands.
Why the setting matters
This is Paul's "fool's speech," a piece of deliberate irony: in the ancient world, boasting about oneself was considered foolish unless forced by circumstances, and Paul uses the form to turn it upside down by boasting only about weakness. His picture of the church as a bride presented to Christ draws on the custom in which a father arranged and guarded his daughter's betrothal. The reference to Eve and the serpent shows how he reads Genesis 3. The "super-apostles" (11:5; 12:11) are probably not the Twelve in Jerusalem but visiting teachers in Corinth who claimed superior credentials; Paul calls them "false apostles" in 11:13. The list of hardships adds many things that Acts does not mention (three shipwrecks before the one in Acts 27, five synagogue floggings, three beatings with rods), so it shows how much of Paul's life we do not know. "Forty lashes minus one" was the synagogue penalty based on Deuteronomy 25:3, with a margin of safety. The detail about Aretas, the Nabatean king, is one of the few ways to date Paul's life: it points to around AD 37 to 39, when Aretas seems to have had influence in Damascus.
Who’s in this chapter
Paul
Boasts as a "fool," listing his weaknesses and sufferings.
The "super-apostles"
Outside teachers who claim superior status; Paul calls them false apostles.
The believers in Corinth
Compared to a betrothed bride who may be led astray.
Eve
Deceived by the serpent; Paul fears the Corinthians will be too.
King Aretas
The Nabatean king whose governor guarded Damascus.
The Macedonian churches
Supplied Paul's need when he was in Corinth.
Talk it through
- Paul says he is jealous for the Corinthians with "godly jealousy." What makes jealousy godly instead of selfish?
- He describes "another Jesus, a different gospel." How do we recognize a message that sounds Christian but is not?
- Paul lists beatings, shipwrecks, and anxiety for the churches in the same breath. What does it say that he counts the pressure of care as a hardship alongside the physical ones?
- Why does Paul end his list with an embarrassing escape in a basket?
Read 2 Corinthians 11
World English Bible
1I wish that you would bear with me in a little foolishness, but indeed you do bear with me. 2For I am jealous over you with a godly jealousy. For I married you to one husband, that I might present you as a pure virgin to Christ. 3But I am afraid that somehow, as the serpent deceived Eve in his craftiness, so your minds might be corrupted from the simplicity that is in Christ. 4For if he who comes preaches another Jesus, whom we didn’t preach, or if you receive a different spirit, which you didn’t receive, or a different “good news”, which you didn’t accept, you put up with that well enough. 5For I reckon that I am not at all behind the very best apostles. 6But though I am unskilled in speech, yet I am not unskilled in knowledge. No, in every way we have been revealed to you in all things. 7Or did I commit a sin in humbling myself that you might be exalted, because I preached to you God’s Good News free of charge? 8I robbed other assemblies, taking wages from them that I might serve you. 9When I was present with you and was in need, I wasn’t a burden on anyone, for the brothers, when they came from Macedonia, supplied the measure of my need. In everything I kept myself from being burdensome to you, and I will continue to do so. 10As the truth of Christ is in me, no one will stop me from this boasting in the regions of Achaia. 11Why? Because I don’t love you? God knows. 12But what I do, that I will do, that I may cut off occasion from those who desire an occasion, that in which they boast, they may be found even as we. 13For such men are false apostles, deceitful workers, masquerading as Christ’s apostles. 14And no wonder, for even Satan masquerades as an angel of light. 15It is no great thing therefore if his servants also masquerade as servants of righteousness, whose end will be according to their works.
16I say again, let no one think me foolish. But if so, yet receive me as foolish, that I also may boast a little. 17That which I speak, I don’t speak according to the Lord, but as in foolishness, in this confidence of boasting. 18Seeing that many boast after the flesh, I will also boast. 19For you bear with the foolish gladly, being wise. 20For you bear with a man if he brings you into bondage, if he devours you, if he takes you captive, if he exalts himself, or if he strikes you on the face. 21I speak by way of disparagement, as though we had been weak. Yet in whatever way anyone is bold (I speak in foolishness), I am bold also. 22Are they Hebrews? So am I. Are they Israelites? So am I. Are they the offspring of Abraham? So am I. 23Are they servants of Christ? (I speak as one beside himself.) I am more so: in labors more abundantly, in prisons more abundantly, in stripes above measure, and in deaths often. 24Five times I received forty stripes minus one from the Jews. 25Three times I was beaten with rods. Once I was stoned. Three times I suffered shipwreck. I have been a night and a day in the deep. 26I have been in travels often, perils of rivers, perils of robbers, perils from my countrymen, perils from the Gentiles, perils in the city, perils in the wilderness, perils in the sea, perils among false brothers; 27in labor and travail, in watchings often, in hunger and thirst, in fastings often, and in cold and nakedness.
28Besides those things that are outside, there is that which presses on me daily: anxiety for all the assemblies. 29Who is weak, and I am not weak? Who is caused to stumble, and I don’t burn with indignation? 30If I must boast, I will boast of the things that concern my weakness. 31The God and Father of the Lord Jesus Christ, he who is blessed forever more, knows that I don’t lie. 32In Damascus the governor under King Aretas guarded the Damascenes’ city, desiring to arrest me. 33I was let down in a basket through a window by the wall, and escaped his hands.
Text: World English Bible, Public domain. About our sources