Ephesians 3

Setting the scene
Who wrote it
Paul (debated)
Who it was for
Believers in Ephesus and nearby churches
What was happening
The mystery revealed: Gentiles are fellow heirs, and a prayer for the love of Christ
Read the full background in the book overview

What’s happening

For this reason Paul, a prisoner of Christ Jesus on behalf of the Gentiles, writes, assuming they have heard of the stewardship of God's grace that was given to him for them: the mystery was made known to him by revelation, as he wrote briefly before. This mystery was not made known to people in other generations as it has now been revealed to his holy apostles and prophets by the Spirit: "that the Gentiles are fellow heirs, and fellow members of the body, and fellow partakers of his promise in Christ Jesus through the Good News." Of this gospel he became a servant according to the gift of God's grace, given to him by the working of his power. "To me, who am less than the least of all saints, was this grace given, to preach to the Gentiles the unsearchable riches of Christ, and to make all men see what is the administration of the mystery which for ages has been hidden in God who created all things, to the intent that now through the assembly the manifold wisdom of God might be made known to the principalities and the powers in the heavenly places, according to the eternal purpose which he accomplished in Christ Jesus our Lord, in whom we have boldness and access in confidence through our faith in him." So he asks them not to lose heart over his afflictions on their behalf, which are their glory. Then he turns to prayer: "For this reason, I bow my knees to the Father, from whom every family in heaven and on earth is named, that he would grant you, according to the riches of his glory, that you may be strengthened with power through his Spirit in the inner person; that Christ may dwell in your hearts through faith; to the end that you, being rooted and grounded in love, may be strong to comprehend with all the saints what is the breadth and length and height and depth, and to know Christ's love which surpasses knowledge, that you may be filled with all the fullness of God." Then a doxology: "Now to him who is able to do exceedingly abundantly above all that we ask or think, according to the power that works in us, to him be the glory in the assembly and in Christ Jesus to all generations, forever and ever. Amen."

Why the setting matters

The word "mystery" in the New Testament means a secret that God has now revealed, not something still hidden. Here the mystery is that Gentiles share fully in Israel's promises without becoming Jews, which was a startling claim in a Jewish setting and is the heart of the letter (the same idea runs through Romans 16:25-26 and Colossians 1:26-27). Paul's remark that he is the "least of all the saints" echoes his words in 1 Corinthians 15:9 about being the least of the apostles. In the ancient world the church's wisdom being displayed "to the rulers and authorities in the heavenly places" would be a bold claim for a small, mixed community of Gentiles and Jews. The prayer in 3:14-19 is one of the most quoted in the New Testament. Its dimensions ("breadth and length and height and depth") are not defined, and commentators have read them as the dimensions of God's love, of the mystery, or of Christ. Paul leaves the object open: whatever the measure, it "surpasses knowledge," which is the point. The doxology that ends the first half of the letter (3:20-21) looks forward to the practical section beginning in chapter 4.

Read Ephesians 3 (World English Bible)

Who’s in this chapter

Paul

A prisoner for the Gentiles, entrusted with the stewardship of grace.

The Gentile believers

Fellow heirs, members of the body, and partakers of the promise.

The rulers and powers

To whom God's wisdom is made known through the church.

Jesus

Whose unsearchable riches Paul preaches, and whose love surpasses knowledge.

Talk it through

  1. Paul calls himself "less than the least of all saints." What does his humility do for his message?
  2. The mystery is that Gentiles are fellow heirs without becoming Jews. Why would that have been hard to accept?
  3. The church displays God's wisdom "to the rulers and authorities." What does it mean that the church is a kind of public demonstration?
  4. Paul prays that they would "know the love of Christ that surpasses knowledge." How can you know what surpasses knowledge?

Read Ephesians 3

World English Bible

1For this cause I, Paul, am the prisoner of Christ Jesus on behalf of you Gentiles, 2if it is so that you have heard of the administration of that grace of God which was given me toward you, 3how that by revelation the mystery was made known to me, as I wrote before in few words, 4by which, when you read, you can perceive my understanding in the mystery of Christ, 5which in other generations was not made known to the children of men, as it has now been revealed to his holy apostles and prophets in the Spirit, 6that the Gentiles are fellow heirs and fellow members of the body, and fellow partakers of his promise in Christ Jesus through the Good News, 7of which I was made a servant according to the gift of that grace of God which was given me according to the working of his power. 8To me, the very least of all saints, was this grace given, to preach to the Gentiles the unsearchable riches of Christ, 9and to make all men see what is the administration of the mystery which for ages has been hidden in God, who created all things through Jesus Christ, 10to the intent that now through the assembly the manifold wisdom of God might be made known to the principalities and the powers in the heavenly places, 11according to the eternal purpose which he accomplished in Christ Jesus our Lord. 12In him we have boldness and access in confidence through our faith in him. 13Therefore I ask that you may not lose heart at my troubles for you, which are your glory.

14For this cause, I bow my knees to the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, 15from whom every family in heaven and on earth is named, 16that he would grant you, according to the riches of his glory, that you may be strengthened with power through his Spirit in the inner person, 17that Christ may dwell in your hearts through faith, to the end that you, being rooted and grounded in love, 18may be strengthened to comprehend with all the saints what is the width and length and height and depth, 19and to know Christ’s love which surpasses knowledge, that you may be filled with all the fullness of God.

20Now to him who is able to do exceedingly abundantly above all that we ask or think, according to the power that works in us, 21to him be the glory in the assembly and in Christ Jesus to all generations forever and ever. Amen.

Text: World English Bible, Public domain. About our sources