Ephesians 4
- Who wrote it
- Paul (debated)
- Who it was for
- Believers in Ephesus and nearby churches
- What was happening
- Walk worthy: one body with many gifts, put off the old self and put on the new
What’s happening
Paul, the prisoner in the Lord, urges them to walk worthy of the calling to which they were called, with all humility and gentleness, with patience, bearing with one another in love, "being eager to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace." There is one body and one Spirit, one hope of their calling, one Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God and Father of all, who is over all, through all, and in all. Grace was given to each according to the measure of Christ's gift. He ascended on high, took captivity captive, and gave gifts to men, and he gave some to be apostles, some prophets, some evangelists, and some shepherds and teachers, "for the perfecting of the saints, to the work of serving, to the building up of the body of Christ, until we all attain to the unity of the faith, and of the knowledge of the Son of God, to a full-grown man, to the measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ." Then they will no longer be children, tossed back and forth and carried about by every wind of teaching, by the trickery of men, but "speaking truth in love, we may grow up in all things into him who is the head, Christ," from whom the whole body, fitted and knit together by every joint with which it is supplied, grows according to the working in measure of each part, building itself up in love. Paul insists they must no longer walk as the Gentiles do, in the futility of their minds, darkened in understanding, alienated from the life of God because of the ignorance in them, due to the hardness of their hearts; having become callous, they gave themselves up to sensuality. But they did not learn Christ that way. They are to put off the old self, which is corrupt through deceitful desires, be renewed in the spirit of their minds, and put on the new self, "created after God's likeness in righteousness and holiness of the truth." So: put away falsehood, speak truth with your neighbor, for we are members of one another. "Be angry, and don't sin. Don't let the sun go down on your wrath, and don't give place to the devil." Let him who stole steal no more but work with his hands, so that he has something to share with the needy. No corrupting speech, only what is good for building up, as fits the occasion, that it may give grace to those who hear. "Don't grieve the Holy Spirit of God, in whom you were sealed for the day of redemption." Put away all bitterness, wrath, anger, clamor, slander, and malice, "and be kind to one another, tenderhearted, forgiving each other, just as God also in Christ forgave you."
Why the setting matters
With chapter 4, the letter turns from praise and prayer to practice, and the word "therefore" (the opening "I urge you") links what God has done to how believers should live. The seven "ones" of 4:4-6 are among the earliest summaries of Christian belief and read like a creed. The quotation in 4:8 comes from Psalm 68:18, where the victor receives gifts from the conquered; Paul has changed it to say the victor gives gifts, perhaps following a Jewish way of reading the psalm at Pentecost. Where he says Christ "descended into the lower parts of the earth" is debated: it may mean the incarnation, the burial, or Christ's descent to the realm of the dead. The list of gifts here is a list of roles that serve the whole body, not a list of ranks: their stated purpose is to equip all the saints for service. Two details of the "put off, put on" language match baptism, in which a person took off old clothes and put on new. The line "Be angry, and don't sin" quotes Psalm 4:4 and treats anger as a feeling that must not be allowed to harden into sin or be stored overnight.
Who’s in this chapter
Paul
The prisoner in the Lord, urging a worthy walk.
Jesus
Who ascended and gave gifts to his church; the head of the body.
The Gentile believers
Told to leave their old way of life behind.
The rulers and powers
The devil, who is not to be given a foothold.
Talk it through
- Paul urges them to "keep the unity of the Spirit." Why does he say unity is something to be kept, and not created?
- The gifts are given "to equip the saints for the work of ministry." What would change if church leaders saw their job that way?
- "Speaking the truth in love." Why does Paul put those two together?
- "Don't let the sun go down on your anger." What does this say about how to handle conflict?
Read Ephesians 4
World English Bible
1I therefore, the prisoner in the Lord, beg you to walk worthily of the calling with which you were called, 2with all lowliness and humility, with patience, bearing with one another in love, 3being eager to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace. 4There is one body and one Spirit, even as you also were called in one hope of your calling, 5one Lord, one faith, one baptism, 6one God and Father of all, who is over all and through all, and in us all. 7But to each one of us, the grace was given according to the measure of the gift of Christ. 8Therefore he says,
“When he ascended on high, he led captivity captive, and gave gifts to people.” 9Now this, “He ascended”, what is it but that he also first descended into the lower parts of the earth? 10He who descended is the one who also ascended far above all the heavens, that he might fill all things.
11He gave some to be apostles; and some, prophets; and some, evangelists; and some, shepherds and teachers; 12for the perfecting of the saints, to the work of serving, to the building up of the body of Christ, 13until we all attain to the unity of the faith and of the knowledge of the Son of God, to a full grown man, to the measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ, 14that we may no longer be children, tossed back and forth and carried about with every wind of doctrine, by the trickery of men, in craftiness, after the wiles of error; 15but speaking truth in love, we may grow up in all things into him who is the head, Christ, 16from whom all the body, being fitted and knit together through that which every joint supplies, according to the working in measure of each individual part, makes the body increase to the building up of itself in love.
17This I say therefore, and testify in the Lord, that you no longer walk as the rest of the Gentiles also walk, in the futility of their mind, 18being darkened in their understanding, alienated from the life of God because of the ignorance that is in them, because of the hardening of their hearts. 19They, having become callous, gave themselves up to lust, to work all uncleanness with greediness. 20But you didn’t learn Christ that way, 21if indeed you heard him, and were taught in him, even as truth is in Jesus: 22that you put away, as concerning your former way of life, the old man that grows corrupt after the lusts of deceit, 23and that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind, 24and put on the new man, who in the likeness of God has been created in righteousness and holiness of truth.
25Therefore putting away falsehood, speak truth each one with his neighbor. For we are members of one another. 26“Be angry, and don’t sin.” Don’t let the sun go down on your wrath, 27and don’t give place to the devil. 28Let him who stole steal no more; but rather let him labor, producing with his hands something that is good, that he may have something to give to him who has need. 29Let no corrupt speech proceed out of your mouth, but only what is good for building others up as the need may be, that it may give grace to those who hear. 30Don’t grieve the Holy Spirit of God, in whom you were sealed for the day of redemption. 31Let all bitterness, wrath, anger, outcry, and slander be put away from you, with all malice. 32And be kind to one another, tender hearted, forgiving each other, just as God also in Christ forgave you.
Text: World English Bible, Public domain. About our sources