1 Corinthians 1
- Who wrote it
- Paul
- Who it was for
- The church in Corinth
- What was happening
- Paul greets a gifted but divided church and puts the cross at the center
What’s happening
Paul and Sosthenes write to "the church of God which is at Corinth," called to be holy together with everyone who calls on the name of the Lord. Paul thanks God for the grace given them: they are enriched in speech and knowledge and lack no spiritual gift. Then he turns to the problem. Chloe's people have told him about quarrels, with some saying "I follow Paul," others "Apollos," "Cephas," or "Christ." Paul asks, "Is Christ divided?" and says he is thankful he baptized only a few (Crispus, Gaius, and the household of Stephanas), since Christ sent him to preach the good news, "not in wisdom of words, so that the cross of Christ wouldn't be made void." The message of the cross is foolishness to those who are perishing but the power of God to those being saved. Jews ask for signs and Greeks seek wisdom, but Paul preaches Christ crucified, a stumbling block to Jews and foolishness to Gentiles, yet to those called, the power and wisdom of God. Look at who you were when called, he says: not many wise, powerful, or of noble birth. God chose the foolish, weak, and low to shame the strong, "that no flesh should boast before God," and whoever boasts should boast in the Lord.
Why the setting matters
Corinth had been refounded by Rome in 44 BC and was a city of newcomers, freed slaves, merchants, and ambition. Status mattered, and so did eloquence: public speakers (sophists) competed for followers and paid students, and loyalty to a teacher could be like loyalty to a political party. The slogans in 1:12 sound like that world, brought into the church. Against it Paul sets the cross, which in the Roman world was the punishment for slaves and rebels and a shameful end that no one would pick as a symbol of power. The names matter too: Apollos was an educated, eloquent Jew from Alexandria (Acts 18:24), Cephas is Peter, and Crispus was a synagogue leader (Acts 18:8). It is unclear whether there were four organized parties or simply a habit of boasting about teachers; Paul never gives a doctrine for each group, only treats the quarrels as a sign of pride. Paul's point about baptism is not that baptism is unimportant, but that no one should treat it as belonging to a teacher.
Who’s in this chapter
Paul
Called as an apostle; preached Christ crucified in Corinth.
Sosthenes
Co-sender; perhaps the synagogue leader beaten in Acts 18:17.
The believers in Corinth
Gifted, but quarreling over teachers.
Chloe's people
Reported the quarrels to Paul.
Apollos
One of the names some claimed.
Cephas (Peter)
Peter; another name some claimed.
Crispus
A synagogue leader Paul baptized.
Gaius
Baptized by Paul; later Paul's host (Romans 16:23).
Stephanas
His household was baptized by Paul.
Talk it through
- Paul says the church is divided over loyalty to teachers. What are modern versions of "I follow Paul, I follow Apollos"?
- Paul thanks God for the Corinthians' gifts before correcting them. What does that order show about how he sees them?
- The cross was shameful in the Roman world. What did it mean for Paul to make it the center of his message?
- "Not many wise, not many powerful, not many noble." What does that say about the people God was gathering in Corinth?
Read 1 Corinthians 1
World English Bible
1Paul, called to be an apostle of Jesus Christ through the will of God, and our brother Sosthenes, 2to the assembly of God which is at Corinth—those who are sanctified in Christ Jesus, called saints, with all who call on the name of our Lord Jesus Christ in every place, both theirs and ours: 3Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.
4I always thank my God concerning you, for the grace of God which was given you in Christ Jesus; 5that in everything you were enriched in him, in all speech and all knowledge; 6even as the testimony of Christ was confirmed in you: 7so that you come behind in no gift; waiting for the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ; 8who will also confirm you until the end, blameless in the day of our Lord Jesus Christ. 9God is faithful, through whom you were called into the fellowship of his Son, Jesus Christ, our Lord.
10Now I beg you, brothers, through the name of our Lord, Jesus Christ, that you all speak the same thing, and that there be no divisions among you, but that you be perfected together in the same mind and in the same judgment. 11For it has been reported to me concerning you, my brothers, by those who are from Chloe’s household, that there are contentions among you. 12Now I mean this, that each one of you says, “I follow Paul,” “I follow Apollos,” “I follow Cephas,” and, “I follow Christ.” 13Is Christ divided? Was Paul crucified for you? Or were you baptized into the name of Paul? 14I thank God that I baptized none of you, except Crispus and Gaius, 15so that no one should say that I had baptized you into my own name. 16(I also baptized the household of Stephanas; besides them, I don’t know whether I baptized any other.) 17For Christ sent me not to baptize, but to preach the Good News—not in wisdom of words, so that the cross of Christ wouldn’t be made void. 18For the word of the cross is foolishness to those who are dying, but to us who are being saved it is the power of God. 19For it is written,
“I will destroy the wisdom of the wise. I will bring the discernment of the discerning to nothing.”
20Where is the wise? Where is the scribe? Where is the lawyer of this world? Hasn’t God made foolish the wisdom of this world? 21For seeing that in the wisdom of God, the world through its wisdom didn’t know God, it was God’s good pleasure through the foolishness of the preaching to save those who believe. 22For Jews ask for signs, Greeks seek after wisdom, 23but we preach Christ crucified: a stumbling block to Jews, and foolishness to Greeks, 24but to those who are called, both Jews and Greeks, Christ is the power of God and the wisdom of God; 25because the foolishness of God is wiser than men, and the weakness of God is stronger than men.
26For you see your calling, brothers, that not many are wise according to the flesh, not many mighty, and not many noble; 27but God chose the foolish things of the world that he might put to shame those who are wise. God chose the weak things of the world that he might put to shame the things that are strong. 28God chose the lowly things of the world, and the things that are despised, and the things that don’t exist, that he might bring to nothing the things that exist, 29that no flesh should boast before God. 30Because of him, you are in Christ Jesus, who was made to us wisdom from God, and righteousness and sanctification, and redemption: 31that, as it is written, “He who boasts, let him boast in the Lord.”
Text: World English Bible, Public domain. About our sources